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1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别一、在句中作用不同一、在句中作用不同限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。 二、外在表现形式不同二、外在表现形式不同限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与
2、主句隔开。例 1. This is the place where he used to live.例 2. Mr. Zhang，who came to see me yesterday，is an old friend of mine.在例 1 中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在例 2 中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。三、先行词内容有所不同三、先行词内容有所不同大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由 which
3、 引导。例：1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband，which frightened me very much.由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由 which 引导定语从句。例：2. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages， which surprises all the people present.由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由
4、which 引导非限制性定语从句。四、关系词的使用情况有所不同四、关系词的使用情况有所不同（一）（一） that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句不可用于引导非限制性定语从句所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但 that 不可。例如：他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。误：He didnt pass the exam，that disappointed me.正：He didnt pass the exam，which disappointed me.值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有 which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使
5、用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用 who ， whom 或 whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用 which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用 when，where 引导非限制性定语从句。例 1. Well graduate in July，when we will be free.例 2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，where a conference was to be held.（二）关系代词替代情况不同（二）关系代词替代情况不同关系代词 whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用
6、who 代替 whom ，但 whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用 who 来代替。例: 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.先行词 the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用 who 代替 whom .例: 2. A young man had a new girl friend，whom he wanted to impress.先行词 a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用 who 代替 whom .在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用 that 代替 who/ whom ，但在非限制性定
7、语从句中先行词指人时，不可用 that 代替 who/whom .例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。误： She has a sister，that is a teacher.正：She has a sister，who is teacher.（三）关系代词省略情况不同（三）关系代词省略情况不同关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。例 1. This is the book（which/that）he lost yesterday.先行词 the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 或 that 可以省略。例 2. The book，
8、 which he lost yesterday， has been found.先行词 the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词 which 不可省。(四）四）as 引导定语从句时的用法引导定语从句时的用法 as 引导限制性定语从句通常用于 the same as, such as 结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 as 引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可
9、放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与 which 的区别 当主句和从句语义一致时，用 as；反之，用 which 来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we
10、expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected. 当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用 which 引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。这种定语从句叫做分隔性定语从句e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。e.g. Oc
11、tober 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用 which 和 whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可以省略。定语从句练习、定语从句练习、一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主
12、从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam. They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.6. The letter
13、is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.12. Thats th
14、e child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.17. Th
15、ey passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple. 20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.二、根据句子
16、意思，用介词关系代词二、根据句子意思，用介词关系代词 whom 或或 which 完成下列句子完成下列句子.1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Lo
