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1、,语法填空,既然是利用语篇在语境中考语法, 那么, 我们在解题前要快速浏览短文, 以了解全文大意。这一步非常重要。,1.通读全文, 了解大意,读懂短文之后,要结合短文所提供的特定的语境(也就是上下文), 从句子结构的完整性去分析思考空格所缺单词在句中作何种句子成分，从而推出断他的词性,如缺主语或宾语,所填词应为代词; 根据句子意义的完整性,去确定填一个表示什么意义的代词、冠词或介词等; 根据句子与句子之间的逻辑关系来确定具体要填哪个关联词。在解题过程中,要先易后难。具体方法见“解题思路大全”。,2.试填空格,先易后难,在大部分空格填好后，再仔细推敲难题。此时难题也就不再难了。所有空格填好后，把
2、整篇文章从头至尾再复读一遍进行核查。,3.重读全文, 解决难题,解答语法填空的基本功是懂得句子的结构分析, 准确理解句子意思, 善于把握上下句之间的逻辑关系。以下按命题形式和考点类型的不同探讨解题思路和解题技巧。,是指“在空格处填入一个适当的词”这类题,五年来,这类题只考代词、冠词、关联词和介词。那么什么情况下填代词?何时填冠词？何时填关联词? 何时填介词呢？,纯空格题的解题技巧,边做边悟：请做下面一组题,每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的,并将解题的思维过程写出来。在做完这一组题后,总结一下这类题的解题方法。,方法探究1,1.(2011)Behind him were other peo
3、ple to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.,1. 因but后的并列句中缺主语, 应填代词; 根据语境, 不难推出走开坐到我附近的应是他后面的那些人, 即other people, 指人, 是复数, 作主语, 应当填they。,they,2.(2011)I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversa
4、tion. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. Im glad I made a choice. It made _ of us feel good.,2. 作made的宾语, 用代词, 由上文 “We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation”可知, 指作者和那个智障人“两个人”,故填both。,both,3.(2010)He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water
5、 was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”,3. 因及物动词like(喜欢)后缺宾语, 应填代词; 指前面提到的“水(the water)”,用it。,it,4.(2009). although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _.,4. 及物动词please(使高兴)后缺宾语, 应填代词; 由语境和常识可知, 给父亲买礼物, 应是使父亲高兴, 故填宾格人称代词him。,h
6、im,5. (2009) Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.,5. 动词was的前面显然缺主语, 应填代词; 由句式结构可知, 填it, 在宾语从句中作形式主语, 真正的主语是to choose.。,it,6. (2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (9601279) was v
7、ery anxious to help his rice crop grow up quickly. He was thinking about _day and night.,6. 介词about后缺宾语, 应填代词; 由句意或前后逻辑可知, 应填it, 指代前文中的(how) to help his crop grow up quickly。,it,7. (2007) I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _ .,7. 因(that) I had caused是定语从句, 先行词是trouble, 代表先
8、行词的关系代词that在从句中作宾语, 被省略了; 由搭配cause sb.trouble(=cause trouble for sb.给某人造成麻烦)可知, 填宾语人称代词her, 指代the old woman。,her,当句子缺主语或宾语时,填_。 因为充当主语或宾语的应是名词或代词,而在语法填空的纯空格中一般是不要求考生填名词的,所以只要句子缺主语或宾语,你就填代词。此时,要根据前后语境,看该空格是指人还是事物,指男还是指女,是单数还是复数。除人称代词外,也有可能是填_等。还有可能是填作形式主语或形式宾语的_,替代后面作真正的主语或宾语的不定式、动名词或从句。,归纳总结：,代词,不定代
9、词,it,边做边悟：请做下面一组题, 每做一题都要思考 是如何一步一步做出来的, 并将解题的思维过程 写出来。在做完这一组题后, 总结一下这类题的 解题方法。 1.(2011)I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had _ amazing conversation.,方法探究2,1. 作宾语的名词amazing conversation前应填限定词; 根据习惯搭配可知填不定冠词an, 因为have a conversation 意为“谈话”。,an,2.(2010) young man, while traveling through
10、 a desert, came across a spring of clear water. _water was sweet.,2. 作主语的名词前应填限定语; 特指前面提到的clear water, 相当于“这”种清泉, 故填The。,The,3.(2010)The young man went home with a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water.,3. 作let宾语的名词前, 应填限定词;相对于送水的这个学生(the student)来说, 应是给他的“另外
11、一个”学生尝一尝, 故填another。,another,4. (2009) Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet,4. 句中experience意为“经历”, 是可数名词;作表语的名词experience前应填限定词; 由冒号之后的内容可知, 一年的这个时候去购物并不是一次愉快的经历, 表示“一次”用不定冠词, 故填a。,a,5.(2008)It is said that a short-tempered man in the
12、Song Dynasty (960 1279) was very anxious to help _rice crop grow up quickly.,5. 在作宾语的名词前, 应当填限定词; 由句意和常识可知, 这个急性子人急于使“他自己的”禾苗长得快, 故填形容词性物主代词his。,his,6.(2007)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.,6. 作宾语的名词
13、small town前应填限定语; 由句意可知, 此处指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的“一个小镇”去修, 表示“一个”, 用不定冠词, small以辅音开头, 故填a。,a,7. (2007) I had noticed three hens running free in my hostesss courtyard and that night one of them ended up in a dish on my table. _ villagers brought me goats cheese and honey.,7. 作主语的名词villagers前应填限定词; 相对招呼我在她
14、家吃住的那个old peasant woman, 拿goats cheese and honey来同我饮酒聊天的应是“其他的(Other)” 村民, 或者理解为“有些(Some)”村民。,Other/Some,在作主语、_语或_语的名词或“形容词+名词”前,填限定词。 限定词是指冠词、形容词性物主代词,或可以作定语的不定代词等。此时,要根据句子的意思来确定空格的语境意义,由此来判断具体填什么词。如表示特指,大体相当于“这、这些、那、那些”时用_;表示“一(个,本,座)”时用不定冠词a或an;表示“某人的”,用_;表示“一些”用some,表示“另一个”用another,表示“其他的”用other
15、等。,归纳总结：,物主代词,宾,表,定冠词the,边做边悟: 请做下面一组题, 每做一题都要思考是如何一步一步做出来的, 并将解题的思维过程写出来。在做完这一组题后, 总结一下这类题的解题方法。 1.(2011)I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _his own either.,方法探究3,1. 因on ones own(=alone)是固定搭配, 所以填on。,on,2.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his
16、 student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home _a happy heart.,2. 名词a happy heart 在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语, 就应是作介词的宾语, 空格处应填介词; 由句意可知, 是指这个年轻人“带着”愉快的心情回家, 表示“带着”用with, 介词短语with a happy heart作伴随状语, 修饰谓语went home。,with,3.(2009)She found some good quality pipes _ sale.,3. 名词sale在句中不作主语, 也不作动词的宾语,就应是作介词的宾语, 空格处应填介词; 因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配, 故填on。,on,4.(2009)When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper.,
