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1、浙江省宁波市浙江省宁波市 2015 高考英语语法填空一轮训练（高考英语语法填空一轮训练（3）及答案）及答案语法填空语法填空-题型探究（题型探究（1、1） 探究点一 纯空格题型考生需要根据语境在每个空格处填入一个合适的词，主要考查连词、介词、代词、冠词等。1根据语境判断词义通过句意或语篇的要求确定单词的含义，此种设计考查点包括实词和虚词。值得注意的是，有时通过句子本身或上下两个句子就可以确定词义，但有时要通过几个句子、一个段落甚至整个篇章结构才能确定。判断词义可以通过定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定。1(1)定义法：是指通过定义解释、定语从句、同位语等判断词义，这类词主要是名词。例 1
2、We are all in the position of the_.If we plant a good seed, we will get a good harvest.If our seed is poor and full of weeds, well get a useless crop.If we dont plant anything, well harvest nothing at all.【答案】 farmer 【解析】 通过后面句子的含义解释可以确定空格词义是“农夫，农民” ，特别是几个关键词“plant, seed, harvest”与 farmer 的工作特点是完全一致
3、的。(2)对比法：指通过句子的对比关系来判断所缺单词的词义，通常可以通过一些连词或副词来判断，如 but, or, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand 等。例 2 There are more _ teachers in my school than men teachers.【答案】 women 【解析】 通过对比后面的 men teachers 可以确定空格词义是“女性的” ，即名词 women 作定语修饰 teachers。(3)因果法：指通过句子的内在联系或句子之间存在的因果关系来判断词义。例 3 The museum
4、was so_ that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.【答案】 large 【解析】 根据结果状语从句的含义“不可能一天之内看完所有的展品”可以判断主句指的是“博物馆太大了” 。(4)语境线索：即通过上下语境确定空格内要填的词的词义。例 4 One day mother looked at Nicks shoes and said, “Nick, look at your shoes.How _they are! You must clean them.”【答案】 dirty 【解析】 根据语境“看看你的鞋子
5、，你必须把它们弄干净”可以判断空格处所填词的词义是“脏的” 。句意：你的鞋子多么脏啊！ 2根据句子成分确定词性对于纯空格形式的填空，在确定词义后，还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要是通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般情况下可以作如下分析：(1)主语和宾语一般由名词、代词充当，有时也由动名词、不定式短语充当。例 5 From Monday to Friday, most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening or on weekends they are free to relax and enjoy _.【答案】 them
6、selves 【解析】 此处考查代词作宾语的用法。根据句子结构，句子的主语是 they，谓语是 are free，to relax and enjoy.是目的状语，在这个状语中缺宾语，再根据语境“周末时自由放松” ，所以要使用反身代词 themselves。(2)谓语主要是由动词充当。在确定词义后，要判断其时态和语态。时态一般只考查一般现在时和一般过去时。但有时也可能涉及非谓语动词。例 6 She is the one who always takes his sorrow as her own sorrow, the one who always _ by his side whether
7、he is poor or rich.【答案】 stands 【解析】 此处考查作谓语的动词，根据语境，此空含义是“站在(他身边)” ，即 stand。同时根据前后句的时态可以判断要使用一般现在时，由于主语是 she，所以使用第三人称单数 stands。例 7 At midnight, I woke up to find the girl _ soundly in her mothers embrace.I could see the smile of security on her face.【答案】 sleeping 【解析】 此处考查语境理解及宾补结构的用法。根据语境“半夜我醒来时发现那
8、个女孩正在她妈妈的怀抱中熟睡” ，所以使用动词 sleep 的现在分词形式充当补语。(3)表语、定语和补语一般由形容词充当，有时也由动名词、现在分词和过去分词等充当。例 8 Every year, on Spring Festival Eve, CCTV broadcasts its Spring Festival Gala_ to millions of viewers.【答案】 live 【解析】 此处考查语境理解及形容词充当补语的用法。broadcast.live 意为“现场直播” 。(4)状语主要由副词充当。例 9 He dug for 12 hours.24 hours._，in t
9、he 38th hour, he pulled back a large stone and heard his sons voice.【答案】 Eventually /Finally 【解析】 此处考查语境理解及副词充当状语的用法。从语境可以推断此空含义是“终于，最后” ，由于是修饰后面的整个句子，所以使用副词形式。语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Levi Strauss was born in 1829 in Germany.He was the fi
10、fth of six children.In 1845，his father died.All six children decided 16._(go) to the United States.Strauss went to the southeastern part of the US.For eight years，he walked along the country roads 17._(sell) dry goods from door to doorjust like his father in Germany.In 1853，Strauss decided to move t
11、o San Francisco，18._thousands of people were looking for gold.19._his way to California，Strauss sold almost all of his dry goods.He had only one thing 20._(leave)some canvas (帆布)In California，Strauss tried to sell the canvas to the gold miners.He said they could make tents from the canvas.But they w
12、erent 21._(interest) in canvas for tents.Strauss didnt know 22._to do with the canvas.Before long Strauss found the miners needed new pants.There were holes in their pants 23._the cloth wasnt strong.He decided to make the canvas 24._pants.They called them “Levis”Later, Strauss stopped using canvas a
13、nd used a different cloth.It was a heavy cotton cloththe same kind people wear today.Levi Strauss died in 1902.He never married and left money to his nephews.He left the world much morethe jeans 25._so many people wear.16to go decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，为固定用法。17selling 动词 sell 与主语 he 为主动关系，故用其现在分词形式作伴
14、随状语。18where where 引导非限制性定语从句，相当于 in which，在从句中作状语。19On on ones way to.“在去的路上”，为固定搭配。20left 动词 leave 与宾语 one thing 之间为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作补语。21interested be interested in.“对感兴趣”。22what what 引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动词 do 的宾语。23because 根据文意可知，此处为因果关系。因为布不结实，所以他们的裤子上有窟窿。24into make.into.“把制成”，为固定搭配。25that/which 此处 that
15、/which 引导定语从句，修饰 the jeans，且在从句中作 wear 的宾语。语法填空 1. Fall in Love with English1 (hide) behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk 2 there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this 3 he was tired of his parents nagging about his English study and did not want to go through 4 any longer. He couldnt get along well with English and 5 (dislike) joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never added u
