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1、,主讲： 刘军士 speaker:Liu junshi,液压挖掘机,液压挖掘机,液压挖掘机培训教材 Hydraulic excavators training materials,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,一 概论 general Introduction 1 定义：挖掘机是一种主要用于开挖土石方的施工机械。 Definition : An excavator is used in the excavation of earth and construction machinery 2 工作过程：它是用铲斗上的斗齿切削土壤并装入斗内，装满土后提升铲斗并回转到卸土地
2、点卸土，然后再使转台回转、铲斗下降到挖掘面，进行下一次挖掘。 Working Scoop :It uses the tooth of the bucket to cut soil and packed inside the bucket. Fill the bucket with soil and upgrade back to the point of dumping, and then rotate the platform, drop the bucket to the tap surface,then the next excavation. 3 用途：挖掘机在建筑、筑路、水利、电力、
3、采矿、石油、天然气管道铺设和军事工程中被广泛地使用。 Excavators uses : in building roads, water, power, mining, oil and gas pipeline laying project has been the widespread use of the military.,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,4 主要作业对象：挖掘机主要用于筑路工程中的路基开挖，建筑工程中开挖基础，水利工程中开挖沟渠、运河和疏浚河道，在采石场、露天开采等工程中剥离和矿石的挖掘等。据统计，工程施工中约60的土石方量是靠挖掘机完成的。
4、Main operating target for major highway projects : the excavator used in subgrade excavation, construction excavation foundation Excavation of water ditches, canals and river dredging, quarries,opencast mining projects such as stripping and ore mining.According to statistics, about 60% of earthwork
5、construction is completed by the excavator 5 其它用途：挖掘机更换工作装置后还可进行浇筑、起重、安装、打桩、夯土和拔桩等作业。 Other uses : replacement of the devices also catch excavators, cranes, the installation of the pile, Ramming and the Diocesan piling operations.,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6 工作条件 Working conditions 6.1 液压挖掘机正常工作环境
6、温度为-2055。 Hydraulic excavators normal working temperature: -20 C 55 C 6.2 液压挖掘机应能在级土壤中正常作业，对冻土层和岩石，需松裂和爆破后方可施工，且须使用岩石型铲斗进行作业；岩石型铲斗斗齿须满足JG/T 90-1999 的要求. soil hydraulic excavator should be able to work normally, and the rock layer of permafrost, and the need to split the song blasting before construc
7、tion.Rock requires the use of bucket for operations; Rock Bucket Tooth JG/T 90-1999 must meet the requirements,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,6.3 轮胎式挖掘机在岩石工况作业时，对轮胎进行必要的保护。 Tire excavator is operated in rock condition, the tires should have necessary protection. 6.4 海拔3000 m能正常工作。 altitude of 3,000 m w
8、ork normally 6.5 能在沙漠、盐碱地区工作。 Work normally in the desert, saline district 6.6 适于各种湿度地区工作，最大相对湿度要满足100。In humidity areas,they are also suitable for all kinds of work, to meet 100% relative humidity.,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,二 挖掘机的发展史 The history of the excavatorsdevelo
9、pment,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,2.1 国外挖掘机的发展史 1）1837年第一台挖掘机在美国诞生-以蒸汽作动力的动力铲 2）1900年第一台以柴油机作动力的挖掘机问世 3）1954年第一台全液压挖掘机在德国出现 4）1961年日本从欧美引进了液压挖掘机技术 5）1985年第一台全电脑控制的液压挖掘机在日本出现 Excavator foreign history of the development: 1837 the first excavator in the United States was born-to steam-driven power sho
10、vel in 1900 the first diesel engine to power for the excavator made In 1954 first hydraulic excavator in German In 1961 Japan introduced a hydraulic excavator technical from Europe and the United States In 1985 the first of all computer-controlled hydraulic excavators was come into being in Japan,SA
11、NY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,2.2 国内挖掘机的发展史 1）1954年生产出第一台机械式挖掘机 2）1960年开始研制液压挖掘机 3）1970年以后测绘国外样机仿制全液压挖掘机取得成功 4）1982年起挖掘机行业第一次全面引进德国公司的液压挖掘机技术及配套件技术The history of the development of domestic excavator in 1954 produced the first mechanical digger in 1960 began developing hydraulic excavator in 1970 after
12、mapping foreign prototype hydraulic excavator successful imitation since 1982 Excavator the first German company to import the technology and accessories hydraulic excavator technology,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,5）1990年机械工业部组织引进日本小松液压挖掘机技术 6）1990年玉柴研制成功了机重1.3吨的微型挖掘机 7）1993年国外二手机开始在中国内地大量销售使用 8）1995
13、年-1998年国外10家著名公司开始在中国建合资与独资企业 9）1998年上海建筑机械厂破产被上海彭浦机械厂兼并 5) 1990 Machinery Industry Ministry and Japan Komatsu hydraulic excavator technology 6) 1990 Yuchai success Machinery 1.3 tons of mini excavators 7) 1993 foreign two cell phones in mainland China selling large quantities of used 8) 1995 -1998,
14、 10 foreign well-known companies in China, joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises9) in 1998 Shanghai Construction Machinery Works bankruptcy Shanghai Effectiveness Evaluation on the Pengpu Machinery Plant merger,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,三 挖掘机的分类Excavators classification,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGRO
15、UP.COM,3.1 按机重分类可分成： Classification by heavy machine can be divided into :微型（小型） micro (small) G 6t 中小型 mid and micro 6 tG 16t 中型 Medium 16 tG 40t 大型 Large 40 tG 100t特大型 vast Large G 100t,SANY GROUPWWW.SANYGROUP.COM,国内外普遍使用原则是： Home and abroad commonly used are 40t以上的大型机以正铲为主，单用途：挖掘the excavators mo
16、re than 40t mainly by front shovel,single purpose: excavating6t以下的小（微）型机以履带（全部）反铲为主，多用途 the excavators below 6t mainly crawler and backhoe,multi-purposes.10t-22 t之间的挖掘机轮式与履式混用，以履式占绝大多数，挖掘为主兼 顾多用途.10-22ts excavators have wheeled and crawler ones,mainly are crawlers, which have multi-purposes.22 t以上的挖掘机全部为履带式挖掘机all of the above 22t excavators are crawler excavators,
