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1、Unit 1,Friendship,Learning about Language,语 法 精 讲,直接引语和间接引语() 陈述句和疑问句,自 主 预 习,She said, “I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” 请将以上直接引语转换为间接引语，注意黑体部分变化： She said _ to set down a series
2、of facts in a diary as most people _，but _ diary itself to be _ friend, and _ call _ friend Kitty.,that she didnt want,did,she wanted that,her,she should,her,合 作 探 究,一、定义The boy said, “I like playing basketball very much.”(引号内的为直接引语) The boy said that he liked playing basketball very much.(that引导的宾语
3、从句为间接引语) The teacher asked the boy，“Do you like playing basketball？”(引号内的为直接引语) The teacher asked the boy whether he liked playing basketball. (whether引导的宾语从句为间接引语),用下划线标出下列句中的引语，并指出是直接引语还是间接引语 The mother asked, “_？” (_) The mother asked _.(_),What are the kids doing in the room now,直接引语,what the ki
4、ds were doing in the room then,间接引语,二、直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则 1人称变化的三原则。 (1)“第一人称随主”原则：如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语内为第一人称) Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说，她想拥有一台自己的电脑。(间接引语中随主语改为第三人称),(2)“第二人
5、称随宾”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 The customer asked the salesgirl，“Can you show another pair of shoes in a different colour？”(直接引语内主语为第二人称) 顾客问女售货员：“你能否给看一看不同颜色的另一双鞋？” The customer asked the salesgirl whether she could show another pair of shoes in a differe
6、nt colour.(间接引语随宾改为第三人称) 顾客问女售货员她能否给看一看不同颜色的另一双鞋。,(3)“第三人称不更新”原则：如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 The organizer said，“Jack would come here to help.”(直接引语内为第三人称) 组织者说：“杰克会来这儿帮忙。” The organizer said that Jack would go there to help.(间接引语第三人称不改变) 组织者说杰克会去那儿帮忙。,直接引语变为间接引语，进行人称改变练习。 A tourist aske
7、d a worker, “Can you help me with this case？” A tourist asked a worker whether _ could help him with that case. The farmer said，“I am harvesting my corn now.” The farmer said that _ was harvesting his corn then. He said, “I am going to go to the cinema tonight.” He said that _ was going to go to the
8、 cinema that night.,he,he,he,2时态的变化,He said，“I am planning a trip to Dandong.”(直接引语内为现在进行时) 他说：“我正计划去丹东旅行。” He said that he was planning a trip to Dandong.(间接引语为过去进行时) 他说他正计划去丹东旅行。 The tourist said，“I have been spellbound by the beautiful scenery.”(直接引语内为现在完成时) 游客说：“我已被美景迷住了”。 The tourist said that
9、she had been spellbound by the beautiful scenery.(间接引语改为过去完成时) 游客说她已被美景迷住了。,直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况 (1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言； My teacher said to us yesterday, “Early birds catch worms.” 昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语) My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(变成间接引语时态不变),(2)直接引
10、语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 The guide said, “The bridge was completed in 1980.”(直接引语含具体的过去时间状语) 导游说：“这座桥完工于1980年。” The guide said that the bridge was completed in 1980.(间接引语时态不改变) 导游说这座桥完工于1980年。,直接引语改为间接引语进行适当时态改变练习 The engineer said，“We have begun our project.” The engineer said that they _ their projec
11、t. The father told his child，“The earth moves around the sun.” The father told his child that she earth _ around the sun. The chairman said, “We will hold a meeting next month.” The chairman said that they _ a meeting the next month.,had began,moves,would hold,3指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化,“Where did you
12、 have a picnic yesterday？” asked his friend.(直接引语内为yesterday) 他朋友问：“昨天你去哪里野餐的？” His friend asked where he had a picnic the day before.(间接引语改为the day before) 他的朋友问昨天他去哪儿野餐的。,The famous hostess said, “I will come to host it if a party is held this weekend.”(直接引语内为come; this) 这位著名的女主持人说：“如果这个周末举行宴会的话，我
13、会来主持。” The famous hostess said that she would go to host it if a party was held that weekend.(间接引语改为go; that) 这位著名的女主持人说如果那个周末举行宴会的话，她会去主持。,将下列直接引语改为间接引语 He said，“I will come to the party with my friend.” He said _. The girl said, “I went to Qingzhou two days ago.” The girl said _.,that he would go
14、to the party with his friend,that she went to Qingzhou two days before,4句子结构的变化。 (1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。 She said，“I am working in that company now.”(直接引语为陈述句) 她说：“我现在在那家公司工作。” She said that she was working in that company then.(间接引语用that引导宾语从句) 她说她那时在那家公司工作。,(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、
15、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(.or.或or not)或if引导。 His friend asked him，“Are you interested in playing football？”(直接引语为一般疑问句) 朋友问他：“你对踢足球感兴趣吗？” His friend asked him whether he was interested in playing football.(间接引语改为whether引导的宾语从句) 朋友问他是否对踢足球感兴趣。,(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 He asked Mary，“How is your sister now？”(直接引语为how提问的特殊疑问句) 他问玛丽：“你姐姐现在怎么样了？” He asked Mary how her sister was then.(间接引语改为how引导的宾语从句) 他问玛丽那时她的姐姐怎么样了。,(1)直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，主句谓语动词said to sb.常改为told sb.。 (2)直接引语为疑问句，主句中谓语动词是said，变为间接引语时将其改为asked；,
