《现代英语词汇学概论1》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《现代英语词汇学概论1（26页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、现代英语词汇学概论,Lexicology,Chapter 1 A General Survey,1.0 The Definition of the term “word”词的定义 1.1 The Development of English Vocabulary英语词汇的发展史 1.2 Classification of English Words词的分类,1.0 The Definition of the term “word”,Questions:1. How many influential definitions of “word” are there in the history?
2、What are they? What are their defects?2. How can we define the term “word”? Can you give an example to illustrate it?,Are they “words”?,Caf, fiance, hapax legomena fathers, do-it-yourself, hasnt Donno, lol $559.34, 233, IBM R51 Corpus4u, :-) O(_)O哈哈，囧rz，b汗,Word: a fundamental unit of speech and a mi
3、nimum free form; with a unity of sound and meaning (both lexical and grammatical meaning), capable of performing a given syntactic function.E.g. The young man left quietly. (young),Review,Word: a minimum free form sound lexical and grammatical meaning syntactic function,1.1 The Development of Englis
4、h Vocabulary,Questions:1. How many stages does English vocabulary develop?2. At each stage, there are how many origins English words come from?,Native: Celtic1st period(449-1100): Old English or Anglo-Saxon Period (OE or AS) Celtic Anglo-Saxon (the settlement from 450 AD.) / Old Norse / Latin2nd per
5、iod (1100-1500): Middle English Period (ME)French (the Norman Conquest in 1066)Latin3rd period (1500-present): Modern English PeriodEarly stages of Modern English (1500-1700)Latin (Renaissance)Greek (Renaissance)Contemporary English (1700-present):Three Romance Languages : French, Spanish, ItalianOt
6、her European languages: Portuguese, German, Dutch Non-European languages (exploration, colonization, trade),1.2 Classification of English Words,Questions: 1. The main criteria by which we can classify English words?2. According to different criteria, how can we classify English words?,1.2 Classifica
7、tion of English Words,Three main criteria: by origin /词源by level of usage /用法by notion /概念,By origin: 1. native words 本族词 2. loan words 外来词Native words: words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of old English Loan / borrowed words: those borrowed from other languages,Features of native words: Most are monosyl
8、labic forming the great majority of the basic word stock,Basic word stock: auxiliary, modal verbs, numerals, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, the most frequently used words (essential to life) National character Stability Word-forming ability Ability to form collocations back,By level of usage:
9、 1. Common words 普通词2. Literary words 书面词3. Colloquial words 口头词4. Slang words 俚语5. Technical words 术语Note: There are no clear-cut boundaries between the various classes of words. back,Common words/普通词: connected with the ordinary things or activities necessary to every day life The core of the comm
10、on words is the basic word stock. Stylistically neutral back,Literary words/书面词: chiefly used in writing, especially in books written in a more elevated style, in official documents, or in formal speeches. Most are of French, Latin or Greek origin. Among the literary word, two categories are notewor
11、thy:archaic words (c.f. obsolete words)poetical wordsback,Slang/俚语: Language, words or phrases of a vigorous, colorful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary Not generally used in informal conversation u
12、nless the speakers are on intimate terms Embracing those daring and new expression that have not been accepted as standard English The chief reason for use of slang: secure freshness and novelty back,Technical words/术语: used in various fields: science, profession or trade, art, sport increasing prec
13、ision in nomenclature one specific meaning Latin or Greek in originback,By notion: 1. function words 功能词 2. content words 实义词,Function words: determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries not having much lexical meaning serving grammatically: behaving like grammatical signals or functional ma
14、rkers, expressing the kinds of connection between content wordsconstructing acceptable English sentences small in number and stable: in relatively closed lists belonging to a relatively small and permanent set of words) high frequency,Review,1.0 The Definition of the term “word”词的定义 a minimum free f
15、orm sound lexical and grammatical meaning) syntactic function,Review,1.1 The Development of English Vocabulary /英语词汇的发展史Native: Celtic Old English(449-1100)Anglo-Saxon (the settlement from 450 AD.) / Old Norse / LatinGreek (indirectly) Middle English Period (1100-1500)French (the Norman Conquest in
16、1066)LatinGreek (indirectly) Modern English Period (1500-present)Early stages of Modern English (1500-1700)Latin (Renaissance)Greek (Renaissance)Contemporary English (1700-present):Three Romance Languages : French, Spanish, ItalianOther European languages: Portuguese, German, Dutch Non-European lang
17、uages (exploration, colonization, trade),Review,1.2 Classification of English Words /词的分类 By origin: 1. native words 本族词 2. loan words 外来词 B. By level of usage: 1. common words 普通词2. literary words 书面词3. colloquial words 口头词4. slang words 俚语5. technical words 术语 By notion: 1. function words 功能词 2. content words 实义词,
