《【高中英语语法】定语从句ppt培训课件》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《【高中英语语法】定语从句ppt培训课件（46页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Attributive Clause,xxx,定语从句用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。而定语从句的位置常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。但从结构上说，关系词与从句是一个整体。排除句子的其他各部分，这种带有定语从句的名词短语或是代词短语的构成可演示如下：,A. 概述,those who drink a lot those是：被修饰的名词； who是：关系词; who drink a lot是：定语从句 定语从句在句子中的位置、结构如下： 被
2、修饰的名词 / 代词 + 关系词 + 句子 (其中，“被修饰的名词/代词“在语法叫作“先行词“.),1.“先行词“与“关系词“的内在联系实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义“代到“从句中来起作用。,要点提示,Rude people are those （先行词） whose (关系词) behavior shows little respect for the rules（先行词） that(关系词) the majority follows . 由此我们还可以看出，“先行词“往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则
3、，“关系词“就无法去替代“先行词“而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上“做剪贴以前要先做复制“一样。,2. “先行词“的意义决定“关系词“的选择“关系词“的选择往往是由“先行词“自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。就是说，假如“先行词“自身表达的意义是表示“人的意义“或是“物的意义“，那么我们就相应地选择表示“人“或是“物“的“先行词“。,“先行词“ 在从句中的语法功能也是决定“关系词“选择的重要条件。比如说，同样都是表示“人的意义“的“先行词“，如果它在从句中作主语，“关系词“就得用表示“人的意义“的主格形式，如果它在从句中作定语，“关系词“就得用表示“人的意义“的所
4、有格形式。另外，有时“先行词“本身是表示事物的名词，而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语，在这种情况下，我们就应该用“关系副词“而不能用“关系代词“了。,Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields . 我们班上有些家不在上海市的同学。 In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Shanghai. There are many sounds which have meanings and yet
5、 are not words. Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class.,B.关系词,定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。,I. 关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。 1. who用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。 I have no idea about the man who
6、 wrote the article.The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems.,2. whom 用于代替“表示人的意义“的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。,Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now?
7、Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party. They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation.,3. whose 用于代替“表示人或物意义”的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达“某人的、某物的”之意。 Do you know the name of tha
8、t girl whose brother is your roommate? Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.,4. which 用于代替“表示事物意义”的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept.Ive got a novel which you may like to read.That was a fault which could not be
9、 forgiven.,5. that 既用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，也用于代替“表示事物意义”的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which Views that are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .,Salaried people that earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal
10、 government .但that不能作介词的宾语 Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? Who is the girl to whom you talked just now ?,要点提示,1. 定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略 This is the book you were looking for yesterday . I dont like the novel you are reading .Who is the man ( whom ) youre talking about ?,2.定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先
11、行词的单复数Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon. This is the magazine which was sent to me by post.,3.关系代词that 和which的区别 that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替“表示事物意义”的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。 但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which: .先行词本身是all, everything , something, nothing, anything等不定代词
12、时They had nothing that could cure of his disease.Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy., 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时 This is the most impressive TV series that have never been put on show before. That is the only way that leads to your success. We have to consider the first
13、thing that starts our work.,然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。The world in which we live is made of matter. =The world that we live in is made of matter. Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .,在非限定性定语从句中，当关系词
14、表示事物意义时, 只能用which。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。 The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow . The most important form of energy is electrical energy, which is widely used in our daily life.,as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。 常用于such as和the same as 等句式中 Such points as youve mentioned are reall
15、y important in solving the problem. People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays . This computer has the same functions as that one has .,as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。 As I know, she hasnt got married. They won the first place in
16、 the game, as could be expected.Professor Li is extremely popular among students, as is known to all of us.,II.关系副词：when , where , why 等。关系副词 = 介词 + which。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因。至于用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。,1. when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语People will a
17、lways remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland.We dont know the day when the English Evening will be held .,2. where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。 The place where were to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet. He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond. 那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的校园。 That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams.,
