《四川省射洪县射洪中学高一英语语法练习素材》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《四川省射洪县射洪中学高一英语语法练习素材（32页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、一、句子成分一、句子成分1、句子分为单句和复句（复合句）2 、单句有四类：陈述句 、疑问句 、祈使句、感叹句。3、复句有两类：并列复合句、主从复合句4、并列复合句由 and. or .but .so .yet .for .while 等引导。He is 45 and my brother is only 32.You should study hard or you will fail.你得努力用功，不然你就完了。I have found my bag everywhere , but I cant find it.我到处找我的包，可没找到。He studies very hard ,so h
2、e is the top student in our class.他学习特努力所以他 是班上的尖子生。It is very good ,yet it can be better.还不错，但能更好。The day breaks ，for the birds are singing.天亮了因为鸟在叫。He likes music ,while I like art.他喜欢音乐，而我喜欢艺术。5、基本的句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语（双宾语） 、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同 位语1.主语（subject）表示句子陈述的是“谁”是“什么” ，是谓语描述的对象。通常由名词、 代词、动词不定式、动名词和
3、从句充当。The sun rises in the east2.谓语（predicate verb）说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语担任。We study English3.表语（predicative）说明主语的性质、状态、特征、身份与系动词一起构成系表结构。 通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、介词短语、副词、动词不定式、动名词、分词和从句 充当。We are Chinese.4.宾语（object）表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容。或位于介词后构成介宾结 构。由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、及从句担任。We love China5.补语（complement）补充说明主语
4、或是宾语用的通常由名词、形容词、代词或数词担任。We elected him (He was elected) monitor.6.定语（attribuive）修饰或限定名词或代词用的，常由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、 动词不定式、动名词、分词、或从句担任。This is a difficult problem.7.状语（adverbial）修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子用的。由副词、介词短语、分词、 动词不定式、或从句充当。He runs fast 8.同位语(appositive)对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释。由名词、数词、代词、或从 句承担。This is Mr. Zhang ,
5、our headmaster.9.插入语（parenthesis）对一句话作出一些附加的解释，常由形容词、副词、介词短语、 动词不定式现在分词或从句担任。To be frank, I dont quite agree with you. 简单句的基本句型1.主语 + 不及物动词 We study hard.2.主语 +系动词 + 表语 He is a teacher.3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 He thought about it all the night.4.主语 + 及物动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 I give him a book(I give a book to him)
6、5.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +宾语补足语 We made him monitor.6、主从复合句有六类：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、定语 从句。从句在整个句子中充当什么成分，就属于什么从句。二、定语从句概念及相关定义二、定语从句概念及相关定义欣赏谚语：1He whowho knows nothing but pretends to know everything is indeed a good-for nothing.不懂装懂，一事无成. 2. Its the first step thatthat counts.千里之行，始于足下 3. He whowho mak
7、es himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf. 甘当小绵羊，迟早要 喂狼.4.He whowho laughs last laughs best. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。5.God helps those whowho help themselves.自助者天助。. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从 句一般紧接在先行词)后面。(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定
8、语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（关系代词：主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词：状语） 常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、whose、as 、常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. Id like a room whose wind
9、ow looks out over the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看引导词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；如果除引导词外的部分 是完整的句子（五种简单句的任何一种及 there be 句型）就用关系副词；否则用关系代 词 第三选择合适的关系词。关系代词，关系副词用法列表关系代词关系代词/ / 副词副词在从句中的成在从句中的成 分分所所 指指 代代 的的 先先 行行 词词例例 句句who /whom主语/宾语（可 省）注：作介 宾时介词前置 时不可省，介 词不前置可省指 人He whowho laughs last laughs best.This is
10、the boy (whom(whom /who)/who) you saw yesterday.The man to whom you talked just now is a famous singer.which主语/宾语（可 省）作介宾时 介词前置时不 可省，介词不 前置可省指 物/ 事A thing whichwhich was bitter to endure may be sweet to remember.This is the college fromfrom whichwhich I graduated three years ago.指 物/ 事The panda that
11、that is chosen Dragon Warrior is big and fat. that主语/宾语（可 省） ； 不可位 于介词后面指 人They thatthat know nothing fear nothing.指 人Workers built shelters for survivors whosewhose homes had been destroyed.whose定语（。 。 。 。 的） 指 物/The book whosewhose cover is blue is mine.事when时间状语时 间Ill never forget the day whenwhe
12、n the earthquake happened.where地点状语地 点This is the place wherewhere we first met.why原因状语原 因The reason whywhy he was late was that he missed the bus.三、关系代词三、关系代词 thatthat ,which,which 的用法的用法1.that:that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于 who 或 whom；指物时，相当于 which)(一般不用于一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： A lette
13、r that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read. (主语) . Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? . You can take anything ( that) you like. （宾语）. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before.（表语）2. which:which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，
14、宾语，表语，定语。如： . The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）thatthat 和和 which:which:的比较：的比较：在定语从句中，which 和 that 在指代事物时，一般可以互换使 用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍只用这里介绍只用 that,that, 而不宜用而不宜用 whichwhich 的情况的情况. . 先行词为不定代词,all,much,so
15、mething,everything,anything,nothing,none,the one 等, .We should do all that is useful to the people . Theres nothing that can be said about it . .Do you mean the one that was bought yesterday? 先行词被 only, any, few, little, no, just, very, one of 等词修饰时。 1The only thing that we could do was to wait. Tha
16、ts the very word that is wrongly used. The last place (that) we visited was the chemical works. You can take any seat that is free. I hope the little that I can will be of some help to them. 比较比较 *This*This isis oneone ofof thethe bestbest novelsnovels thatthat werewere publishedpublished lastlast year.year.*This*This isis thethe onlyonly oneone ofof thethe bestbest novelsnovels thatthat waswas publishedpublished
