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1、英文文法,關係代名詞 關係副詞 複合關代 準關代,關係詞,：who, whom, which, that,：when, where, why, that,：what, whatever, ,：but, as, than,英文文法,* 本章重點： 關代的用法 關代只能用that prep + 關代 限定用法與非限定用法,what的用法與慣用語 複合關代的用法關副的用法準關代的用法使用關代應注意事項,關係代名詞 3. 複合關代 關係副詞 4. 準關代,關係詞,重點1 關代的用法 p. 136I have an uncle. He lives in Tainan. = I have an uncle
2、 _ lives in Tainan.,he,基本概念 關代兼具代名詞和連接詞的作用 由關代索引導的子句稱為關係子句或形容詞子句，做adj.用，以修飾先行詞 先行詞指關代要代替的人或事物，在關代前,X,who,關代的種類,1. 主格 先行詞 + _ + Vi 先行詞 + _ + Vt + O.,關代的用法 p. 136,who which,who which,The girl _ sits next to me is from Japan. Tom bought a house _ has six rooms.,who,which,2. 受格 先行詞 + _ + S + Vt. 先行詞 + _
3、 + S + Vi + prep.,關代的用法 p. 136,whom which,whom which,Yesterday I ran into an old friend _ I hadnt seen for years. The photo _ you looked at was funny.,whom,which,3. 所有格 先行詞 + _ + N + V. 先行詞 + _ + N + S + V.,關代的用法 p. 136,whose,whose,I know the girl _ father is a professor. Mr. Lee didnt sell the hous
4、e _ windows were all broken.,whose,whose,1. 主格 先行詞 + _ + Vi 先行詞 + _ + Vt + O. 2. 受格 先行詞 + _ + S + Vt. 先行詞 + _ + S + Vi.+ prep. 3. 所有格 先行詞 + _ + N. + V. 先行詞 + _ + N. + S + V.,關代的用法 p. 136,who,who,whom,whom,whose,whose,受格可直接省略,重點2 只能用that當關代 p.137A. 先行詞含有人和事物 B. 先行詞之前有最高級adj.時 C. 先行詞之前有 the only, the
5、very, the same, 序數(first, second, , last) D. 先行詞為不定代名詞(no, nothing, any, anything, some, something, all等),I saw an old woman and her dog (that, who, which) were crossing the street. The most interesting novel (that, who, which) I have ever read is The Deer and the Cauldron. You are the only girl (th
6、at, who, which) I love. All (that, who, which) we have to do is sit inside and study.,注意：逗點和介係詞後面不可以用that,重點3 介係詞 + 關代 的用法 p.138關代 + S + Vi + prep. prep.+ 關代 + S + Vi,1. The house (which) they live in is very large. The house _ _ they live is very large. 2. Chuck is a man (whom) I enjoy working with
7、. Chuck is a man _ _ I enjoy working.,which,in,with,whom,受格可直接省略,前有介係詞, 關代不可省,重點4 限定用法與非限定用法 p.139,1. Mr. Lin has two sons who live in Taipei.2. Mr. Lin has two sons, who live in Taipei.,只差一個逗點，這兩句有何差別?,1. Mr. Lin has two sons who live in Taipei.兩個住在台北的兒子2. Mr. Lin has two sons, who live in Taipei.兩
8、個兒子，他們住在台北,言外之意：還有其他兒子在其他地方,逗點後就是補充說明，已沒有言外之意,限定用法,非限定用法,補述用法,先行詞如果很明確或唯一，後面就要加逗點，用補述用法,Peter wrote a letter to his father is a famous actor.Taipei is the biggest city in Taiwan, is overcrowded.,who , who,which , which,重點4 限定用法與非限定用法 p.139,which也可以代替前面整句或 一部分,Sam changed his mind his father angry.My
9、 father plays golf once a week is his favorite sport.,which , which,which , which,重點4 限定用法與非限定用法 p.139,what =,Never put off till tomorrow the thing that you can do today. Never put off till tomorrow _ you can do today. 2. The thing that is written in the document cannot be changed. _ is written in t
10、he document cannot be changed.,重點5 複合關代what的用法與慣用語 p.140,the thing(s) that that which all that ,what,What,what前面不會再有先行詞,重點6 其他複合關代 p.142,You may do what you like. 你可以做你想做的事,強調時 You may do whatever you like. 你可以做你想做的任何事 (= You may do anything that you like.),重點6 其他複合關代 p.142,anything that = whatever
11、任何東西 anyone who = whoever 任何人 anyone whom = whomever 任何人 anyone whose = whosever 任何人的 any one that = whichever 任一個,Give the book to anyone who wants it. Give the book to _ wants it. 2. Give the book to anyone whom you like. Give the book to _ you like. 3. You may choose any one that you like. You ma
12、y choose _ you like.,whoever,whomever,whichever,重點7 關係副詞的用法 p.143, the 時間 when S V. 在那時 the 地方 where S V. 在那裡 the 原因 why S V. 為了那原因,This is the place _ I was born. 2. I know the time _ he will come. 3. That is the reason _ I am unwilling to help you.,where,when,why,= in which,= at which,= for which,
13、重點8 準關代but, as, than的用法 p.144,否定字 but + 不完整子句 沒有而不as/such as + 不完整子句 像一樣比較級 than + 不完整子句 比更,沒有不愛自己子女的母親There is no mother _ loves her children. 2. 不要讀這種不值得讀的書Dont read such books _ are not worth reading 3. 不要給孩子多於他們所需要的錢Dont give children more money _ is needed.,as,but,than,重點9 使用關代應注意事項 p.145,形容詞子句
14、可簡化為不定詞片語或分詞片語形容詞子句的關代當S時，後面的V要與先行詞一致,The man has no house which he can live in. = The man has no house _ he can live.= The man has no house to_ 2. I got a letter which was written in English.= I got a letter _. 3. He who (work, works) hard will succeed 4. The girls who (is, are) standing outside are laughing.,
