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1、1专题专题 4 4 阅读理解阅读理解：细节理解题：细节理解题班级班级 姓名姓名 学号学号 分数分数 （测试时间：45 分钟）1.1. 【湖北八校 2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】C CCities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, whic
2、h absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hott
3、er than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.As part of that effort, Los Angeles
4、 is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air qualit
5、y. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma（哮喘）and other breathing problems.Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply wh
6、ite paint to rooftops at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay
7、 cool.“This is an urgent challenge, and its much bigger than one person,” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.”8. Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect?A.
8、Planting more trees in the streets.2B. Covering the streets with white paint.C. Applying reflective paint to rooftops.D. Furnishing every house with air conditioners.9. What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?A. How to make the city cooler.B. Where to wear a white shirt.C. Why to
9、coat the roads with black paint.D. When to cut off the electricity supply.10. What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?A. Increasing the indoor activities.B. Promoting the sale of air conditioners.C. Making life easier and more comfortable.D. Reducing the number of cold days.【答案】8. D 9.
10、 A 10. C 9. A【名题点睛】细节理解题一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。文章细节的理解可以细化为：（1）一一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。 （2）语言转述型。这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。 （3）语意理解型。这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。 （4）是非辨别型。 （5）事实排序型。【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的一
11、一对应型。答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。3【答案定位】由文章第二段最后一句“To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.”可知，在炎热的夏季城市管理者应该强调如何去使城市凉爽，从而保护公众的健康。【推理关系】题干 What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer? 文章内容 To protect public health, city officials are going to make th
12、e city cooler.【答案】to protect public health,A 选项. How to make the city cooler.10. C 细节理解题。由文章倒数第三段“ Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air co
13、nditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality.”分析CoolSeal 的介绍可知。相比沥青，使用这种白漆可使街道和停车场气温下降 10 度，既能降低人们的生活开支，帮助省钱，又能减少污染，提高人们的生活质量。故选 C。2.2. 【广东七校联合体 2018 届高三第二次联考试】D DNewNew mercurymercury(汞) threatthreat toto oceansoceans fromfrom clima
14、teclimate changechangeRising temperatures could boost mercury levels in fish by up to seven times the current rates, said Swedish researchers in an article published in Science Journal. Theyve discovered warming increases levels of the toxin (毒素) in sea creatures. In experiments, they found that ext
15、ra rainfall drives up the amount of organic material flowing into the seas. This alters the food chain, adding another layer of complex organisms which boosts the concentrations of mercury up the line.Mercury is one of the worlds most toxic metals, and according to the World Health Organization, is
16、one of the top ten threats to public health. The substance at high levels has been linked to damage to the nervous system, paralysis and mental impairment in children.The most common form of exposure to mercury is by eating fish containing methylmercury(甲基水银), an organic form of the chemical which forms when bacteria react with mercury in water, soil or plants. Levels of mercu
