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1、2015 淄博市淄博市高考英语阅读理解一轮基础练习（4）答案 阅读理解-社会现象类 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的 A,B,C 或 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse. The paper
2、, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96.The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003. Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 t
3、o 10, among other questions. The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to und
4、erestimate their future life satisfaction.Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period. “We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually obse
5、rved was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade， ” wrote Frieder RLang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about th
6、eir actions than people who expected a rosy future. “Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)， ”the authors wrote. Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoye
7、d good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline.Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability. The authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions.Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also
8、have driven health outcomes. However, the researchers said a pattern was clear.“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic， ” the authors concluded. 1According to the study, who made the mo
9、st accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction? AOptimistic adults. BMiddle-aged adults. CAdults in poor health. DAdults of lower income. 解析 细节理解题。由文章第四段第一句话“The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adu
10、lts (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future.”可知中年人可以更加精确地 预测他们的未来。故选 B 项。 答案 B. 2Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people_. Ato fully enjoy their present life Bto estimate their contribution accurately Cto take measures against potential risks
11、 Dto value health more highly than wealth 解析 细节理解题。由第六、七段中的关键信息“.people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions.”及“.contribute to taking improved precautions(预防措施)”可知对未来持悲观态度的人会对他们的行动更加小心并且采取 一些预防措施，故选 C 项。 答案 C. 3How do people of higher income see their futur
12、e? AThey will earn less money. BThey will become pessimistic. CThey will suffer mental illness. DThey will have less time to enjoy life. 解析 细节理解题。由第八段第一句话“Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expec
13、ting a greater decline.”可知工资高的人会预料他们未来工资的下降，故选 A 项。 答案 A.。 4What is the clear conclusion of the study? APessimism guarantees chances of survival. BGood financial condition leads to good health. CMedical treatment determines health outcomes. DExpectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
14、 解析 推理判断题。由最后一段的最后一句话“We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic， the authors concluded.”可知对未来生活满意度的预测随年龄的增长而下降。 答案 D.。 阅读理解课堂练学案（1） Passage one（The only way to travel is on foot） The past
15、ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like Palaeolithic Man, Neolithic Man, etc., neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century, they will surely choose the label Legless Man. Histories of
16、the time will go something like this: in the twentieth century, people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars, buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didnt use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable
