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1、 硕士学位论文硕士学位论文 空调压缩机电机驱动系统的研究 RESEARCH ON MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM OF AIR-CONDITIONING COMPRESSOR 张阳杰张阳杰 哈尔滨工业大学哈尔滨工业大学 2015 年年 6 月月 国内图书分类号：TM351 学校代码：10213 国际图书分类号：621.3 密级：公开 工学硕士学位论文工学硕士学位论文 空调压缩机电机驱动系统的研究 硕 士 研 究 生 ： 张阳杰 导 师 ： 贵献国 副教授 申 请 学 位 ： 工学硕士 学科 ： 电力电子与电力传动 所 在 单 位 ： 电气工程系 答 辩 日 期 ： 2015 年 6 月
2、授予学位单位 ： 哈尔滨工业大学 Classified Index: TM351 U.D.C: 621.3 Dissertation for the Master Degree in Engineering RESEARCH ON MOTOR DRIVE SYSTEM OF AIR-CONDITIONING COMPRESSOR Candidate： Zhang Yangjie Supervisor： Asso. Prof. Gui Xianguo Academic Degree Applied for： Master of Engineering Speciality： Power Elec
3、tronics and Electrical Drives Affiliation： Dept. of Electrical Engineering Date of Defence： June, 2015 Degree-Conferring-Institution： Harbin Institute of Technology 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - I - 摘 要 随着经济的增长和技术的进步，空调由最初的定频到现今的变频空调成为主流。背后是由于对环境的重视，和对能源的节约意识与环保意识的增加。永磁同步电机相对于感应电机而言，具有更高的功率因数和效率，同时具有高功率密度、高可靠性等
4、的特点，正在被广泛应用在家用空调和商业空调领域。同时，由于永磁体的存在，使得电机系统无需励磁，节能效果更优秀，因此成为新一代技术的研究热点。由于空调压缩机的高温高压环境，使得传统的机械传感器不能使用， 而需要采用简单而可靠的无位置传感的控制策略。 本文主要对空调压缩机系统中的控制电机进行研究，采用内置式永磁同步电机。 内置式永磁同步电机相对于表贴式永磁同步电机具有更加复杂模型。本文中首先推导了内置式永磁同步电机的矢量控制模型，其次，由于家用空调在使用的过程中有减小噪声的要求，因此对低速下和零速下，采用简单而无噪声的二次定位法和 I-F 启动，对电机进行拖动和加速。然后，在传统控制 id=0 下
5、，推导了基于反电势的传统滑模观测器和全阶滑模观测器的控制策略，并对其进行了仿真的对比得出全阶滑模观测器在角度和速度的估计上具有更好的估测，同时全阶的滑模由于相对于传统的滑模摒弃了对反电势进行低通滤波的环节，因此在相位上没有了滞后，同时在跟随性能有更大的优势。在滑模趋近率上，采用了饱和函数代替传统开关函数用以减小反电势观测谐波，效果明显。在 I-F 拖动和滑模切换过程中当转速达到稳定时进行切换，使得在切换过程中能够实现平稳过渡。 同时对检测的反电势， 采用锁相环检测电机的转子位置信息和速度信息，对锁相环的速度滤波直接得到检测的转速。代替了传统的采用反正切的计算方式，能够更准确地观测出角度和速度信
6、息。同时，本文中对锁相环的带宽和零极点进行分析，给出了配置的规则，能够更增加系统的抗扰性。 本文同时为了更有效利用内置式永磁同步电机的磁阻转矩，因此推导了内置式永磁同步电机在最大转矩电流比控制策略下的模型特点。传统的控制方案为通过电磁转矩与有功电流、无功电流的关系，得到电流的给定，而采用该方法会使系统计算更加繁琐， 因此本文采用根据有功与无功电流的关系，避开转矩与电流之间的非线性，提出一种新的 PI 控制结构。并对新控制策略进行泰勒的简化，得到更适合工程应用的算法。 最后， 本文在 700W 的 IPMSM 电机平台进行仿真的验证， 采用 DSP28335芯片进行编程，实验最后验证了控制策略和
7、理论分析的合理性和有效性。 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - II - 关键词：关键词：内置式永磁同步电机；无传感器；电流外同步；全阶滑模；最大转矩电流比控制； 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - III - Abstract With economic growth and technic improvement, air conditioning technique transfers from initially fixed frequency to variable frequency which has become the mainstream in the next decad
8、es. Behind this is the increasing attention towards the environment, and the increase of consciousness of energy saving and environmental protection. Permanent magnet synchronous motor, compared to the induction motor has higher power factor and efficiency, and also has better characteristics of hig
9、h power density, high reliability and so on. It is widely used in the field of household air conditioners and commercial air conditioning. At the same time, because of the existence of permanent magnets, it makes the motor system work without excitation, which makes the energy saving effect more out
10、standing, therefore PMSM is becoming the hotspot in the next generations. Because that in the environment of high temperature and high pressure, air conditioning compressor cannot work by traditional photoelectric encoder, thus it requires a simpler and more reliable control strategy without positio
11、n sensor. This paper mainly studied the control strategy in the rotating motor in the air conditioning compressor system, using interior permanent magnet synchronous motor. Interior permanent magnet synchronous motor compared to surface permanent magnet synchronous motor has a more complicated math
12、model. This paper firstly discussed the model of permanent magnet synchronous motor in vector control model, and secondly, because of the requirement of reducing noise in household air conditioner, this paper adapt a simple and quiet I-F starting strategy for motor drag and acceleration. Then, under
13、 the traditional control strategy Id-equals-to-zero, the derivation is described on traditional observer and full order observer by calculating back EMF, and carries on the comparison of the simulation of the two methods. It is concluded that the full order observer has better performance on the ang
14、le and speed estimation, at the same time, because there is no low-pass filtering part in the proposed method compared to the traditional method, the follow performance of full order observer shows great advantage. In synovial near rate, the saturation function instead of traditional switch function
15、 is used to reduce the harmonic back EMF. The performance is better. In the process of I-F drag and synovial membrane switch when the speed reaches a stable value, it is made stable in the process. And the speed transferring can be realized smoothly. To detect the electric position at the same time,
16、 this paper uses phase-locked loop to synchronously follow up the motor rotor and get the speed information. 哈尔滨工业大学工学硕士学位论文 - IV - And by the speed filter after speed detection, real speed message can be obtained directly. Instead of the traditional arc tangent calculation method, this method can be more accurate observer to detect angle and speed information. At the same time
