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1、被动语态,语法专项,魏朝鑫 制作 2011 . 08 . 11,英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者 They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动),汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 一般将来时： 一般过去将来时： 现在进行时： 过去进行时： 现在完成时： 过去完成时： 注被动语态
2、没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。,am / is / are + done was / were + done shall / will + be done should / would + be done am / is / are + being + done was / were + being + done have / has + been + done had + been + done,(二) 各种时态下的被动语态,结构：be+过去分词,时态变化主要体现在be的变化上，以 do 为例，列表如下：,1.一般现在时 Simple Present,人人都喜欢她。 她受人人喜欢。,Eve
3、ryone likes her. She _ _ by everyone.,is,liked,他经常嘲笑我。 我经常被他嘲笑。,He often laughs at me. I _ often _by him.,am,laughed at,一般现在时 Simple Present,2.一般过去时 Simple Past,警察抓到一个小偷。 一个小偷被警察抓到了。,The police caught a thief. A thief _ by the police.,was caught,2.一般过去时 Simple past,狗咬了他。 他被狗咬了。,A dog bit him. He _by
4、 a dog.,was bitten,3.一般将来时,地铁将在明年完成。,The subway _ next year.,will,be,finished,河上将建一座桥。 如果你违反法律，你就会受到惩罚。,A bridge _ over the river. If you break the law, you _.,will,will be punished,be,built,4.现在完成时 Present Perfect,BP机已经被手机所取代。 这件事已经被遗忘了。,Beepers _by mobile phones. This matter _.,have,has,been,repla
5、ced,been,forgotten,5. 现在进行时的 被动语态,Examples:,1. A stranger is following the girl.,The girl _ _ _ by a stranger.,is,being,followed,Examples:,2. A policeman is searching his bag.,His bag _ _ _ by a policeman.,is,being,searched,Examples:,3. They are building a bridge over the river.,A bridge _ _ _ over
6、the river (by them).,is,being,built,被 动 语 态 的 使 用,1.当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态，这时往往不用by 短语。 “Mr. White, the cup with mixture was broken after class. ” (只是告诉老师杯子坏了，不知是谁弄坏的，或不想说出谁弄坏的)。 2.突出或强调动作的承受者，如果需要说出动作的执行者，用by 短语。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul.,3.当汉语句子的主语既不是动作
7、的执行者，也不是动作的承受者时，这时常用in + 名词作状语，而代替 by 短语。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will be produced each year in the new factory.,主动语态变被动语态的方法,（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to he
8、lp poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.,1.把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 2.把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词，时态要与原句保持一致。 3.把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在被动语态里谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in + 地点名词作状语。,语态转换时要注意的问题,把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new
9、 computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误),2. 当否定句中的宾语是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代词时，在被动句中应将其分别变为nothing, nobody, no one作主语，并将谓语动词变为肯定的被动语态。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 误：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing
10、 has been done to make the river clean.,3. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.,用被动语态改换下列各句：,1. My father will repair my bi
11、ke for me.,My bike will be repaired by my father for me.,2. I have found my wallet.,My wallet has been found.,3. She told me to wait here for her.,I was told to wait here for her.,4. The police will surely arrest the murderer.,The murderer will surely be arrested by the police.,5. They invited Mr. G
12、reen to make a speech.,Mr. Green was invited to make a speech.,6. The students clean their classroom everyday.,Their classroom is cleaned by the students every day.,7. You mustnt take those books out ofthe reading-room.,Those books mustnt be taken out of the reading-room.,8. I dint tell you the girl
13、 could do the job.,You werent told by me that the girl could do the job.,9. Do people speak English in your country?,Is English spoken in your country?,10. He gave me a present.,I was given a present.,A present was given to me.,11. Mother often tells her children a storyat bed time.,Children are oft
14、en told a story at bed time by mother.,A story is often told by mother to children at bed time.,be + PP,被动语态的基本结构:,有各种时态的变化,考点一:,1. Now English _ by more and more people all over the word. A. speaks B. is spoken C. was spoken,一般现在时的被动语态： am / is / are + PP,2. The lost boy _ at the street corner last
15、 night. A. was found B. is found C. was looked for,一般过去时的被动语态： was / were + PP,3. More man-made satellites _ in the future. A. will send up B. will be sent up C. are sent up,一般将来时的被动语态： will + be + PP be going to + be + PP,4. Three bridges _ since last year. A. have built B. were built C. have been
16、built,现在完成时的被动语态： have / has + been + PP,5. Flowers _ every day. A. has been watered B. should be watered C. should water,含有情态动词的被动语态： 情态动词 + be + PP,8. The man _ clean the toilet because he _ rubbish bout when the police walked past the park. A. was made; was seen to throw B. was made to; was seen throwing C. made; saw,
