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1、一: V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成, 其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。,Unit 4Grammar,V-ing 形式,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done,(not) having been done,V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。,1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。 -ing形式表示 “供作之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。A swi
2、mming pool= a pool for swimming,A sleeping car,= a car for sleeping,2) -ing形式表示 “的” 意思, 过去叫现在分词A sleeping child working people the rising sun,-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。如:They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.,2. 作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 结果,条件
3、, 行为方式或伴随动作等。,Using your head, youll find a good way.,条件,1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.= Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way.( 伴随动作)2) Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set.,(原因),3) Working hard, youll surely succeed.,条件,4) The boy sat in
4、front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.,伴随,5) He came running back to tell me the news.,方式,6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened. = When he heard the news, he got frightened. (时间, 可以在分词前保留when ),7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.,结果,Attention Please,-ing形式
5、作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。,Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。),the British lady,the Columbian,the Japanese,the Canadian,You see her step back appearing surprised.,His nose touches Mr. Cooks moving hand.,You see her
6、 step back appearing surprised. = You see her step back and she appears surprised.,They also express their feelings using unspoken language.,=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language.,His nose touched Mr. Cooks moving hand.=His nose touched Mr. Cooks hand which is movin
7、g.,= They are visitors who come from several countries.,They are visitors coming from several countries.,= This is an experience which is exciting.,This is an exciting experience.,1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her._ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed
8、her.,Rewrite the following sentences.,When,approaching,2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages.The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.,translating,the,songs,3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about bo
9、dy language.,who,is,standing,4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question._ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.,Coming,from,5. She sat at the desk and did her homework.She sat at the desk _ _ _.,doing,her,homework,Using structures,hold in arms, cry, appear sad,Th
10、e woman holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad.The woman cries loudly, holding her son in arms.,ski, laugh, exciting,Mickey and Mimi are skiing down the hill, laughing all the way. What an exciting scene it is!,dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing music,Mickey and Mimi are dancing to am
11、azing music, singing and raising their arms.,Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for food,Carrying her little baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees, searching for food.,1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it.2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra p
12、ay.3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful.4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, p
13、lease. 7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.,pointing,Knock,making,Choose the best answer.,1. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door.A. PlayingB. When I was playingC. RepairingD. Examining,2. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A. sm
14、oke B. to smokeC. being smoked D. smoking,3. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeksA. Not completingB. Not completedC. Not having completedD. Having not completed,4. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window.A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked,5. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in,
