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1、法律文本的翻译,法律文体 的分类,法律文本 Legal text,法律条文 Legal provision,如：国际法，国内法，政府颁布的具有法律效力的法规、法令,法律文书 Legal document/ Instrument of law,如：条约、公约、协定、合同、起诉书、传票、,法律文体的英汉翻译,英语法律文本的形式特征 条理化：法律条文都以章、条、款、项从小到大层次罗列。,语言特征： 1. 不厌其烦的重复 为了确保并体现法律的严密性，英语法律文本中很多语句诘屈聱牙，复杂难懂，有些词或词语的重复在远离法律工作的普通人看来简直到了无可复加的地步。 e.g. If any of the pr
2、ovisions of this Contract or any document executed in connection herewith is hereafter determined to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable law, (i) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired, a
3、nd such remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect; and (ii) the invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision shall be replaced by a valid, legal and enforceable provision that comes closest to expressing the true intent of such an invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision.如果本合同的条款或
4、与本合同有关的执行文件，在合同签订以后，根据适用的法律，任何方面被确定无效，（1）其他条款的有效性不受影响，将继续完全有效，（2）那个无效的条款，由最接近于表示该无效条款真正意图的有效条款来代替。,2. 句子结构复杂 英语法律文本的句子结构通常很复杂，一个句子就是一个段落的情况比比皆是。 e.g. As implementing the foregoing, it is understood and agreed that the Guarantor guarantees that the obligations will be paid to Party B in accordance wi
5、th the terms and provisions of any agreement, expressed or implied, which has been or may hereafter be made or entered into by Party A in reference thereto. The obligations of the Guarantor hereunder shall not be discharged except by payment in full of the obligations as herein provided.在实施上述事项时，双方同
6、意，保证人将按照甲方已经订立的协议，或此后参照已经订立的协议可能订立的新协议所明示或暗示的条款向乙方履行付款义务。根据本保证书，保证人的付款义务不得解除，但本保证书里提出的付款义务已充分履行的情况除外。,3. 英语法律文体中喜欢使用正式词语，不使用同样意义的其他文本里常见的词语。 在英语法律文本中经常见如下正式词语：,Assist (help) 帮助， render (give) 给予， assign (transfer) 转让， amend (revise) 修改 convene (call together) 召集， construe (explain) 解释， title (owners
7、hip) 所有权， surrender (present) 提交，,partake (take part) 参加， forthwith (immediately) 立即， require (ask) 要求， notify (inform) 通知， furnish (give) 提供， alter (change) 更改， supplement (add) 增加， repatriate (send back) 返还 ,4. 同意反复的成对词语的使用 法律文体中使用成对词是历史的沿袭，是法律严格、周密的体现。不但副词成双，介词成双，谓语动词、分词、不定式、形容词、名词也都有成双成对的。 e.g.
8、The parties may, through consultation, make amendments to and revisions of this Contract as and when the need arises. 双方可在必要时通过协商，修改本合同。This Agreement is made and entered into by and between ABV Co. and XYZ Co. 本协议有ABC 公司和XYZ公司签订。,Licensor agrees to furnish and provide Licensee with technical inform
9、ation such as 售证人同意向购证人提供技术资料。Furthermore, Licensee agrees to pay and shall pay a royalty of % on the Net Selling Price of all products manufactured and / or assembled by Licensee during the term of this Agreement. 此外，购证人还同意在协议期间按照制造或装配产品的销售净价的%支付提成费。Each party to this agreement shall fulfill or per
10、form any of the obligations under this Agreement. 本协议的双方应履行协议规定的义务。This Agreement and any rights or obligations hereunder are not transferable or assignable by one party to this Agreement without the consent of the other party hereto. 本协议以及本协议规定的权利或义务，没有另一方的同意就不得擅自转让。,5. 英语法律中频繁使用here, there, where
11、与介词in, by, of, to, on, upon, with, after, before, under等结合构成的副词，在句子中作状语或定语。这种结构在其它文体中极为罕见，所以构成了理解法律文体的难点。Here 是this 的意思，指“本法律（条约、合同、文书）”，但有时在hereinafter, hereinbefore等词中，here是this point 的意思指“该处”；There是that的意思，指这里讲到的“那个法律（条约、合同、文书）”；Where构成的副词是关系副词，连接状语从句。,1.Hereafter = from now on, in the future 此后，
12、往后 2. Hereby = by this means, as the result of this document 以此，特此，兹 3. Herein = in this document 于此 4. Hereinafter = in what follows, further on in this document 在下文，以下 5. Hereinbefore = in what has gone before, before this point in this document 在上文，以上 6. Hereof = of this document 本法律（合同、担保书等）的 7.
13、 Hereto = to this document 对此法律，于此法律 8. Heretofore = before now, until now 在此以前，知道此时 9. Hereunder = under this, as provided for under the terms of this document 据此，按照本法律条款规定 10. Hereupon = after this, as a result of this 此后，由此，就此 11. Herewith = with this document 同此，于此，附此,12. Thereafter = after that
14、 time, after that place 此后 13. Thereby = thus, by that means, as a result of that 因此，由此，以此 14. Therefore = for that reason 为此，因此 15. Therefrom =from that 从那里 16. Therein = in that thing, in that place, in that document, in that respect 在那点，在那里，在那法律，在那方面 17.Theretofore = before that time 在那以前 18. The
15、rebefore = before that time, before that place 19. Thereof = of the place, thing, event etc. just mentioned 关于刚才提到的 20. Thereon = on that thing just mentioned 就刚才提到的 21. Thereto = to that 对那，与那 22. Thereunder = in accordance with the thing mentioned 按照那（文件）的规定 23. Thereupon = as the result of that;
16、immediately or shortly after that 因此；此后立即 24. Therewith = with that 与之，与此,whereas = considering that, since 鉴于，因为 whereby = by which 据此，以此 wherein = in which 在那里，在那点上 whereof = of which, of what, of whom 关于那事，关于那物，关于那人 whereon = on which, on what 在那上面 whereafter = after which 此后 whereto = to which 对
17、于那 whereupon = immediately after which,6. 情态动词shall 使用多 在非法律文件中shall用于第一人称表示将来，用于第二人称表示讲话人的命令，用于第三人称表示讲话人的决心。在法律文体中shall表示法律意义上的约束力和强制性，或表示条约或合同对签约双方的约束力。 e.g. This Guaranty shall be governed by and construed according to the laws of the Peoples Republic of China to the jurisdiction of which the parties hereto submit. 本保证书由订立双方提交司法的中华人民共和国的法律管辖和解释。,
