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1、1新概念一主要语法知识点新概念一主要语法知识点（一）时态（一）时态 主要涉及的时态有：主要涉及的时态有： 一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完一般现在时，现在进行时，一般过去时，现在完成时，一般将来时，过去进行时，过去完 成时，过去将来时成时，过去将来时 1. 1. 一般现在时一般现在时 表示一般性，经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有 be 动词的句子 例：He is a teacher.The girl is very beautiful.Tim and Jack are students. 变疑问句疑问句将 be 动词移到句首句首 例：Is he a
2、teacher?Is the girl very beautiful?Are Tim and Jack students? 变否定句否定句在 be 动词后面加加 notnot 例：He is not a teacher.The girl is not very beautiful.Tim and Jack are not students. 肯定回答及否定回答 例：Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No, they are not. 不含有动词的句子，即含有一般动词的句子 第三人称单数及单数
3、名词 例：He likes books.She likes him.The dog likes bones. 变疑问句疑问句在句首加加 doesdoes,动词变为原型 例：Does he like books?Does she like him?Does the dog like bones? 变否定句否定句在主语及动词之间加加 doesntdoesnt, 动词变为原型 例：He doesnt like books.She doesnt like him.The dog doesnt like bones. 肯定回答及否定回答： 例：Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Ye
4、s, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt. 注意：第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加 S，不要和名词复数混淆，变否定句或疑问句 时名词复数没有任何变化。2其他人称及复数名词 例：I want to have a bath.We have some meat.The students like smart teachers. 变疑问句疑问句在句首加加 dodo 例：Do you want to have a bath?Do we have any meat?Do the students like smart teachers?
5、变否定句否定句在主语和动词之间加加 dontdont. 例：You dont want to have a bath.We dont have any meat.The students dont like smart teachers. 肯定回答及否定回答 例：Yes, I do. No, I dont.Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they dont. 2.2. 现在进行时现在进行时 表示现在正在进行的动作。 构成：主语构成：主语bebe 动词动词的现在分词其它成分动词动词的现在分词其它成分 例：We are having lunch.H
6、e is reading a book.The dog is running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river. 变疑问句疑问句将 be 动词移到句首移到句首 例：Are we having lunch?Is he reading a book?Is the dog running after a cat?Are the boys swimming across the river? 变否定句否定句在 be 动词后面加加 notnot 例：We are not having lunch.He is not reading a
7、book.The dog is not running after a cat.The boys are swimming across the river. 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句：what,which, how, where, who, etc. 疑问词动词主语现在分词疑问词动词主语现在分词 例：What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing? 注：(必背！)没有进行时的动词：没有进行时的动词： 表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作表示状态，思想，感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作 表示感觉，感官的词
8、表示感觉，感官的词see, hear, like, love, want, have,have, hashas 当当”拥有拥有”讲时没有进行时讲时没有进行时 3.3. 一般过去时一般过去时3表示过去发生的动作或事件，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, 含有 be 动词的句子， 将动词变为过去式，am, is 的过去式为 was，are 的过去式 为 were 例：I was at the butchers.You were a student a year ago.The te
9、acher was very beautiful ten yearsago. 变疑问句疑问句将 be 动词移动到句首移动到句首 例：Were you at the butchers?Were you a student a year ago?Was the teacher very beautiful ten yearsago? 变否定句否定句在 be 动词后面加加 notnot 例：I was not at the butchers.You were not a student a year ago.The teacher was not very beautiful tenyears ag
10、o. 肯定回答否定回答 例：Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you were not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. 特殊疑问句： 例：What did you do?不含有 be 动词的句子，将动词变为过去式 例：I finished my homework yesterday.The boy went to a restaurant.The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago. 变疑问句疑问句在句首加加 diddid， 动词变为原型 例：Did y
11、ou finish your homework yesterday?Did the boy go to a restaurant?Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago? 变否定句否定句在主语和动词之间加加 didnotdidnot 例：I did not finish my homework yesterday.The boy did not go to a restaurant.The Sawyers did not live at King Street a yearago. 肯定回答及否定回答 例：Yes, I did. No, I
12、 didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not. 4.4. 现在完成时现在完成时 构成：主语+助动词 have, has+过去分词 用法： 1)1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和 just,just, usually,usually, already,already, sincesince 等时等时 间副词连用间副词连用 例：I have just had lunch. (饱了，不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝）4
13、They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了）The boy has already read the book. （已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了） 2)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时： 例：Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film? 3)3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作 例：I have lived in Beijing for twenty yea
14、rs.I have worked for this school for 1 year. 4)4)表示一种经历，经验：去过表示一种经历，经验：去过地方，做过地方，做过事情，经历过事情，经历过事情事情 例：I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris. 注意：Have been to 表示去过，have gone to 表示去了 试比较：I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.
15、（人还在那里） 5)5)表示一种结果，表示一种结果， 一般不和时间副词联用一般不和时间副词联用 例：I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart. 变疑问句疑问句将助动词移到句首移到句首， 例：Have you lost your pen? 变否定句否定句在助动词后面加加 not.not. 例： I have notlost my pen. 肯定回答及否定回答 例：Yes, I have. No, I have not. 特殊疑问句： 例：What have you d
16、one?What has he done? 注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：区别： 凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时 注意：有些动词表示的动作有一个终点，不能再延续，因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用 错：错：Ive left Beijing for 3 days. 对：对：I left Beijing 3 days ago. Ihave been away from being for 3 days. 5.5. 一般将来时一般将来时 表示将来将要发生的动作， 经常和 tomorrow, next year, the dayafter tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用 结构：结构： 主语主语+ +助动词助动词 will+will+动词原形动词原形 例
