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1、Cloze解题思路与技巧,解题步骤： 通读全文，了解大意。 逐句分析，前后一致。 排除错误，确定答案。 复读全文，核对答案。,1.通读全文，掌握大意。文章第一句往往是全文的关键句，是文章的“窗口”。通过它，可以大致了解全文的概貌和作者的立意。它往往提供了全文的中心信息。第一句一般不设空，考生应该充分利用此句的标示作用，并将它作为一个解题的突破口，据此展开思维。细心阅读了第一句后，应快速阅读全文，了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构，以及情节发展的前因后果。同时对空格部分也作猜测。这种快速阅读必须在三分钟内完成。,2.逐句细读，确定选项。掌握文章大意后，逐句分析，根据上下文意义，选择语法正确、词义贴
2、切的选项填入空格。在这一过程中要注意文脉走势和作者口吻，不能单纯地凭语法知识解题。3.校对检查，更改不合理、不贴切的答案。这是做完形填空题必不可少的环节，也是考生容易忽视的步骤。检查过程中要注意所选答案的合理性。如果没有上下文信息的依托，就缺乏合理性。有时一题中的四个选项都是对的，但最贴切的只有一个。符合文章内涵、符合作者意图的才是最贴切的。,例: It is very important to have healthy teeth. Good teeth help us to chew our food. They also help us to look nice.How does a t
3、ooth go bad? The _ begins in a little crack in the enamel(珐琅)covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have _ there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into the blood, and we may feel very ill.How can we keep our teeth _? First, we ought to
4、 visit our dentist twice a year. He can fill the small hole in our teeth before they destroy the teeth. He can _ our teeth to check that they are growing in the right way. _, many people wait until toothache before they see a dentist. Secondly, we should,一抓住首句,了解大意,建立解题思路,brush our teeth with a toot
5、hbrush and fluoride(氟化物) toothpaste at least _ a day-once after breakfast and once before we go to bed. We can also use wooden toothpicks to _ between our teeth after meal. Thirdly, we should eat food that is _ to our teeth and our body: milk, cheese, fish, brown bread, potatoes, red rice, raw veget
6、ables and fresh fruit. Chocolate, sweets, biscuits and cakes are bad, especially _ we eat them between meals. They are harmful because they _ our teeth and cause decay.,注意：短文的句首一般不留空。论述文在句首表明论述的主题。叙事，描述类文章，在首句中点明故事发生的时间，地点，人物等背景情况。例文的首句表明了该篇论述文讨论的是有关牙齿健康的问题。了解了文章的主题之后，接下去的解题就会比较容易。,二.边读边酌,寻找文章的前后照应.
7、,1. 同义照应, 上下文复现同一关键词.,例1 How does a tooth go bad? The _ begins in a little crack in the enamel(珐琅)covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the end, poison goes into the blood, and we may feel very ill. A
8、. destruction B. decay C. fault D hurt,例题提供的四个选项意思接近。但文章的意思是“牙齿如何变坏？” 当细菌和部分食物残留在牙齿四周后，导致覆盖在牙齿表面的珐琅上出现小的裂缝，蛀蚀慢慢在牙内渗透，最终导致牙齿蛀掉。根据第四句中“Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth.”可知B. decay 为最佳答案。,例2 In a usual sheep race, half a dozen sheep race down hill over a course of about half a mile.Food i
9、s waiting for them at the other end of the _ just to give them some encouragement, I ought to add! A. race B. hill C. track D. field,本语段上文中“race down hill over a course of about half a mile.”意为“羊顺着山坡奔下来大约半英里的路程.”下文“Food is waiting for them at the other end of the _ just to give them some encourageme
10、nt.”意为“在赛道上的另一头有食物在等着它们，作为奔跑的刺激.”在此空格表示的意思是指赛羊的赛道，和上文中的course 相对应，而不是和hill相联系。这样C.track（赛道，跑道）就符合文章的意思了。,例3：The survey about childhood in the Third World shows that the struggle for survival is long and hard. But in the rich world, children can suffer from different kind of poverty- of spirit. For i
11、nstance, one western country alone now sees 14,000 attempted suicides every year by children under 15, and one child in five needs psychiatric advice.There are many good things about _ in the Third World. Take the close and constant relation between children and their parents, relatives and neighbou
12、rs for example.In the west, the very nature of work puts distance between adults and children. But in most Third World villages mother and father do not go miles away each day to work in offices. A. childhood B. poverty C. spirit D. survival,注意： 同一词的照应可以出现在一段内，即近语境照应。也可以出现在段与段之间，即远语境照应，理解文章是关键。必须在理解
13、短文的基础上，寻找相关的内容，求得答案。,2.近义照应 例4 Farmers, as we all know, have been having a hard time of it lately, and have turned to new ways of earning income from their land. This involves not only planting new kinds of crops, but some _ ways of making money, the most unusual of which has got to sheep racing. A.
14、 common B. strange C. swift D. illegal,空格所在句之后的非限制性定语从句“the most unusual of which has got to sheep racing”起到了对主句的解释作用，那么与“the most unusual of which”相呼应的ways就不可能是common, swift 或illegal, 只能是B. strange.,例5: Finally, for many editors, _ is an important factor, too. They prefer stories about people, plac
15、es and events which their readers know. Thats why the stories in Tokyos newspaper are often very different from the stories printed in Paris, Cairo, New York or Buenos Aires. personality B. similarity C. uniqueness D. familiarity,3.反义照应 例6 Most people agree that homework is not fair. A pupil who can
16、 do his homework in a quiet and _ room is in a much better position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television on. Some parents help their children with their homework. Others take no interest at all in their childrens homework. A. furnished B. expensive C. comfortable D. suitable,
