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1、The Shu Prime Minlster-zhugeliang,THE TEMPLE OF THE PREMIER OF SHUWhere to seek the temple of the noble Premier?In the deep pine forest beside the City of Silk, Where the green grass of spring cover the steps,And songbirds chirp happily between the leaves. Triple summons weighted by affairs of the S
2、tate To two generations he served with his true heart,To die before completing a lifetime of achievement, Always have heroes weep on their fleece ever since.Pai Chung-hsi, a military leader of the Republic of China and warlord from Guangxi province, earned the laudatory nickname “Little Zhuge“ due t
3、o his tactical decisions in the Second Sino-Japanese War.,Other names,Crouching Dragon Xiansheng 卧龙先生 The Crouching or Sleeping Dragon 卧龙 Hidden Dragon 伏龙 Pinyin: Wlng Xinsheng or Wlng Wade-Giles:Wo-lung Hsien-shengIt is noted that 卧龙, Crouching Dragon or Sleeping Dragon is his Taoist name.,Early li
4、fe,Zhuge Liang was born in Yangdu County in Langya Commandery, at present-day Yishui County, Shandong Province. He was the second of three brothers and orphaned early; his mother died when he was nine, and his father when he was twelve. His uncle raised him and his siblings. When Cao Cao invaded Sha
5、ndong in 195, his family was forced to flee south, and his uncle soon died of illness.Although both his sisters married into important families with numerous connections in the area, for ten years he resided in Longzhong Commandry (in present-day Hubei province) with his elder brother Zhuge Jin (who
6、 later served the Wu Kingdom) in a simple peasant life - farming by day and studying by night. He got to know a group of friends among the intellectuals of the area. His reputation soon grew, and he was named the Crouching (or Sleeping) Dragon, wise among his peers in many areas. At the meantime, he
7、 married the daughter of another renowned scholar Huang Chenyan. His wifes name is rumored to be Huang Yueying. The Huang Family was also connected to several other well established clans in the region.,Three Visits to the Hut (三顾茅庐),The warlord Liu Bei harbored in the neighboring city Xiangyang und
8、er his distant relative and the governor of the Jing Region, Liu Biao. Legends recounted that Zhuge Liang joined Liu Bei in 207 only after Liu visited him in person three times.Then he presented his famous “Longzhong Plan”,Lecturefield （舌战群儒）,The Battle of Red Cliffs (赤壁之战),After three visits , he t
9、ravelled in person to the Kingdom of Wu and formed an alliance with its ruler Sun Quan. He tried his best to contribute the“SunLiu joint ”。In the Battle of Red Cliffs of 208, the allied armies of Liu Bei and Sun Quan defeated Cao Cao, thus enabling Liu Bei to establish his own territories. It is pop
10、ular mythos that Zhuge Liang called forth a southeastern wind to sweep Huang Gais fire-attack throughout Cao Caos ships。,The last words of Liubei (白帝托孤),Liu Bei, infuriated with the execution of his longtime comrade, ignored all arguments of his well-meaning subjects and turned on the Kingdom of Wu,
11、 leading a huge army to seek revenge. He was defeated in the ensuing Battle of Yiling by Lu Xun and died in a lone fortress of “Baidi Cheng“ (literary meaning: “the White Emperor Fortress“) after a hasty and humiliating retreat to his own borders. After the death of Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang became the c
12、hancellor under Liu Shan, Liu Beis son, and renewed the alliance with Sun Quan.,The Southern Expedition(南征),Zhuge Liang felt that in order to march North he would first have to unify Shu completely. If he fought against the North while the Nanman people rebelled, then the Nanman people would march f
13、urther and perhaps even press into areas surrounding the capital. So rather than embarking on a Northern Campaign, Zhuge Liang led an army to pacify the south first.Ma Su (Ma Liangs brother) proposed the plan that Zhuge Liang should work toward getting the rebels to join him rather than killing all
14、of them and he took this plan. Zhuge Liang defeated the rebel leader, Meng Huo, seven different times, but released him each time, in order to achieve his genuine surrender.During this campaign he got sick from the poison marshes in the area .Luckily, he was healed to good health, but possibly the e
15、ffects of this sickness continued to ail him later, during the Northern Expeditions.Finally, Meng Huo agreed to join Zhuge Liang in a genuine aquiescence, and thus Zhuge Liang appointed Meng Huo governor of the region, so he could govern it as he already had, keeping the populace content, and keepin
16、g Southern Shu border secure to allow for the future Northern Expeditions.,seven escapement Menghuo (七擒孟获),鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已,The Nothern expeditions(北伐),Zhuge Liang persuaded Jiang Wei, a general of Kingdom of Wei, to defect to the Kingdom of Shu during his first Northern Expedition. Jiang would become one
17、of the prominent Shu generals, and inheritor of Zhuge Liangs battle strategies. Jiang Wei continued to carry on Zhuge Liangs ideals and fight for the Kingdom of Shu after Zhuge Liangs death in 234.In Zhuge Liangs latter years, he launched expeditions against the Wei five times, but all failed, most
18、often due to palace intrigue causing him to return to the capital, rather than failure on the battlefield. his only permanent gain was the addition of the Wudu and Yin Ping prefectures as well as relocating Wei citizens to Shu on occasion.On the fifth expedition, he died of overwork and illness in an army camp in Battle of Wuzhang Plain. Zhuge Liang passed “The 24 Volumes on Military Strategy“ (Bing Fa Er Shi Si Bian) to Jiang Wei at the ev,
