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1、四级考试之翻译复习,武汉科技大学外国语学院读写教研一室,四级新题型考试应对：如何拿下中译英高分,1)首先，确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成)，寻找可能的英文相应表达；2)然后，利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来；3)最后，结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能，根据句法结构理顺语言。,翻译题评分原则及标准（2011年6月）,1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得一分。 2. 结构正确，但整体意思不确切获信息不全，得0.5分。 3. 整体意思正确单语言有错误（包括用词不当），得0.5分。 4. 整体意思完全错误，及时结构正确也不得分。 5. 大小写错
2、误，标点符号错误以及明显属于笔误但不影响辨认的拼写错误可以忽略不计。,阅卷判分实例（11.6）,84. The pills _ (本来可以治愈那位癌症病人的）， but he didnt follow the doctors advice and take them regularly. could have cured the cancer patient1分： 1. could have cured that patient who suffered from/ got/ had /had got cancer. 2. would have cured that patient with
3、cancer 3. could have cured the patient of his cancer(没his也对） 4. should have been effective in curing that patient with cancer（cancer sufferer）,0.5分1 could have treated /recovered that man with cancer(意思不确切）（出现原型0分）2. would have cured the patient (信息不全)3. should have cure that paitent who had a cance
4、r(语言错误)4. was supposed to have cured the pation who had cancer(两处语言错误)5. should be able to get the cancer patient back to healthy,0分1. can cure the man who had cancer originally(语言错误，信息错误） 2. could have save the life that got cancer (语言错误，意思不确切)3. would have healed the patient who was sick of cancer
5、 (意思不确切，局部信息有误)4. cured that cancer patient of disease in advance (信息错误)5. were used to cure the patient who has cancer 意思不确切，语言错误）,判分原则语言错误不累计，信息错误累计。以上用词，man person guy均可以接受，但是people属意思错误。,实战演练,87. The substance does not dissolve in water _ (不管是否加热).关键词加热heat；不管是否(no matter) whether or not连 接heat与
6、其逻辑主语substance之间需采用被动连接，即heat加ed。优 化whether (it is) heated or not. 注意，it is可省略。点 评如果heated or not放在句首，whether也可以省略。,88. Not only _ (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.关键词收费过高overcharge, charge too much/high连 接句首的Not only决定了倒装连接，下文用了过去时态，因此，这里需在he之前加did。优 化(Not only) did he charge me
7、too much/high, / did he overcharge me, 。点 评如果未能想出用overcharge/charge too much表示“收费过高”，也可以将其含义“化解”掉，用ask for too much来表达，答案可以是did he ask me for too much。,89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing _(与我的相比).关键词相比compare (with), in comparison with；我的mine, my losses连 接compare与其逻辑主语Your losses之间需采用被动连
8、接。优 化in comparison with mine或compared with mine。点 评此处最好用介词词组，如果用compared with mine，则放在句首更合适。,90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _ (一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.关键词一半half；钱money连 接注意后文的as，此处需用一比较连接词as，并在as后需增添一形容词或副词。优 化 half as much money。点 评这里因为前文有spend，这里可以省略money；此处如果先把“一半”的意
9、思撇开，更易“化解”原文，即先译出“一天里在利兹和在伦敦花同样多的钱”，spend as much (money) in a day in Leeds as in London，然后将“(只有)一半”加进去，这样来看(only) half只能放在as much前。,91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely _ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.关键词孩子的成功childrens success / success of the children；把归因于attribute to / owe to连 接上文的were
10、 more likely后需接to。优 化to attribute their childrens success / success of their children to。点 评“把归因于”也可以化解为“相信的原因是”，即believe that their childrens success is due to/ the main factor for their childrens success is。,汉译英专项练习,一、倍数增减的表示法 二、时态 三、被动语态 四、情态动词 五、虚拟语气 六、不定式 七、分词 八、动名词,九、非谓语动词用法区别,一、倍数增减的表示法 Force
11、 N1 _(比力N2大2.5倍). This substance _(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍). The earth _(是月球大小的49倍).The landlord _(想将租金提高三分之一).They _(计划将投资增加一倍).,is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than）,reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as）,is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数 + 名词）,
12、wants to raise the rent by a third （考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数）,plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词）,is 2.5 times greater than Force N2 （考点：倍数 + 形容词/副词比较级 + than） reacts three times as fast as the other one （考点：倍数 + as + 形容词/副词 + as） is 49 times the size of the moon （考点：倍数 + 名词） wants to rai
13、se the rent by a third （考点：动词 + by + 数词/百分比/倍数） plan to double their investment （考点：double + 名词）,二、时态 Be quick, _(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了). When she got home, _ _ (孩子们已经睡着了). When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假).I_ _ (一上午都在修改我的简历). Do you often go on holiday? _(不，我已经有五年没有度假了)
14、. He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了).,or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时）,the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时）,my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时）,have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时）,No. It
15、has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了）,He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）,二、时态 or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church （考点：将来完成时） the children had fallen asleep （考点：过去完成时） my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside （考点：将来进行时） have been revising my resume all the morning （考点：现在完成进行时） No. It has been five years since I went on holiday （考点：It has been since sb. did sth. 表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了） He has been in the army for 5 years （考点：1. 现在完成时；2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间）,
