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1、 LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT DESIGN GUIDANCE MANUAL Document No: WMP CPg08001 December 2008 Low Impact Development Design Guidance Manual Prepared for: Watershed Management Services Municipality of Anchorage Project Management and Engineering Department P.O. Box 196650 Anchorage, Alaska 995196650 Prepare
2、d by: USKH Inc. Water Resources Group 2515 A Street Anchorage, Alaska 99503 December 2008 USKH W.O. 975804 Low Impact Development . Design Guidance Manual December 2008 Page i 1. INTRODUCTION1 1.1 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF LID 2 1.2 CLASS V INJECTION WELLS. 3 1.3 HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL. 3 1.3.1 General
3、Structure of the Design Guidance Sections 3 1.3.2 Selecting an LID Element. 4 1.4 BASIC SITE EVALUATION CONSIDERATIONS 5 1.4.1 Infiltration Rate of the Surrounding Soil 5 1.4.2 Separation Distance from Wells and Surface Water 6 1.4.3 Depth to Groundwater 6 1.4.4 Depth to Bedrock or Relatively Imperv
4、ious Soils. 6 1.4.5 Separation Distance from Foundations and Road Subgrades 6 1.5 CONSTRUCTION CONSIDERATIONS. 7 1.5.1 Excavation. 7 1.5.2 Excess Sediment 7 1.6 SEPARATION FROM UNDERGROUND UTILITIES. 7 1.7 EQUATIONS 7 1.8 LID DESIGN NOTES. 8 2. RAIN GARDENS.9 2.1 THE RAIN GARDEN DESIGN PROCESS 9 2.1
5、.1 Preliminary Site Evaluation Rain Gardens . 11 2.1.2 Preliminary Design Considerations Rain Gardens. 12 2.1.3 Final Design Rain Gardens. 17 2.2 RAIN GARDEN CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE 19 2.2.1 Construction Considerations Rain Gardens 19 2.2.2 Maintenance Considerations Rain Gardens 20 2.2.3 Rain
6、Garden Conceptual Design Example. 20 3. INFILTRATION TRENCHES.21 3.1 THE INFILTRATION TRENCH DESIGN PROCESS. 21 3.1.1 Preliminary Site Evaluation Infiltration Trench 23 3.1.2 Preliminary Design Considerations Infiltration Trench 24 3.1.3 Pretreatment . 27 3.1.4 Final Design Considerations Infiltrati
7、on Trench 30 3.2 INFILTRATION TRENCH CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE 31 3.2.1 Construction Considerations Infiltration Trench 31 3.2.2 Maintenance Considerations Infiltration Trench 32 3.2.3 Infiltration Trench Conceptual Design Example 32 4. SOAKAWAY PITS33 4.1 THE SOAKAWAY PIT DESIGN PROCESS 33 4.1.1
8、 Preliminary Site Evaluation SoakAway Pits 35 4.1.2 Preliminary Design Considerations SoakAway Pits 36 4.1.3 Final Design Considerations SoakAway Pits 39 4.2 SOAKAWAY PIT CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE. 41 4.2.1 Construction Considerations SoakAway Pits 41 Low Impact Development . Design Guidance Manu
9、al December 2008 Page ii 4.2.2 Maintenance Considerations SoakAway Pits 42 4.2.3 SoakAway Pit Conceptual Design Example . 42 5. FILTER STRIPS43 5.1 FILTER STRIPS FOR PRETREATMENT. 45 5.2 THE FILTER STRIP DESIGN PROCESS 45 5.2.1 Preliminary Site Evaluation Filter Strips 45 5.2.2 Preliminary Design Fi
10、lter Strips . 46 5.2.3 Final Design Filter Strips 49 5.3 FILTER STRIP CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE. 51 5.3.1 Construction Considerations Filter Strips. 51 5.3.2 Maintenance Considerations Filter Strips. 52 5.3.3 Filter Strip Conceptual Design Example 53 6. ADDITIONAL LID ELEMENTS FOR CONSIDERATION54
11、 6.1 STORM WATER DISCHARGE TO WETLANDS. 54 6.2 CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS 54 6.3 PERVIOUS PAVEMENTS. 59 6.4 GREEN ROOF TECHNOLOGIES 61 6.4.1 Green Rooftops. 61 6.4.2 Advantages 62 6.4.3 Disadvantages. 63 6.4.4 Design Considerations 64 6.4.4 Resources for Additional Information . 65 7. GLOSSARY OF SELECTED
12、 TERMS .66 8. ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY AND ADDITIONAL REFERENCES.68 APPENDICES Appendix AClass V Injection Well Memorandum Appendix BEquations Appendix CAdditional Specifications for Rain Gardens Appendix DRain Garden Design Example Appendix EInfiltration Trench Design Example Appendix F.SoakAway Pit
13、Design Example Appendix GFilter Strip Design Examples Low Impact Development . Design Guidance Manual December 2008 Page iii LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Suggested Suitable Applications for LID Elements. 5 Table 2 Rain Gardens Preliminary Site Evaluation Checklist 13 Table 3 Rain Garden Preliminary Design
14、 16 Table 4 Infiltration Trench Preliminary Site Evaluation Checklist 25 Table 5 Infiltration Trench Preliminary Design. 29 Table 6 Example SoakAway Pit Preliminary Site Evaluation Checklist 37 Table 7 Example SoakAway Pit Preliminary Design 40 Table 8 Pretreatment Filter Strip Design Guidance. 45 T
15、able 9 Filter Strips Preliminary Site Evaluation Checklist. 47 Table 10 Filter Strip Preliminary Design. 50 Table 11 Considerations for Constructed Wetlands 55 Table 12 Design Steps for a Constructed Wetland Basin 58 Table 13 Design Steps for Constructed Wetlands Channel. 59 Table D1 Rain Garden Pre
16、liminary Site Evaluation Checklist.D-2 Table D2 Rain Garden Preliminary Design.D-4 Table E1 Infiltration Trench Preliminary Site Evaluation Checklist.E-2 Table E2 Infiltration Trench Preliminary Design.E-4 Table F1 SoakAway Pit Preliminary Site Evaluation ChecklistF-2 Table F2 SoakAway Pit Preliminar
