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1、,鱼料生产 Fish Feed Production,鱼料生产工艺流程 FISH FEED PRODUCTION PROCESS FLOW,鱼料生产工艺流程 FISH FEED PRODUCTION PROCESS FLOW,使用膨化机的鱼料生产Fish Feed Production by Extruder,鱼料生产主要设备 Fish Feed Production Machine,膨化机 Extruder 烘干机 Dryer 油脂喷涂机 Fat Coating 冷却器 Cooler,膨化制粒机 EXTRUDER,分料圆桶 CIRCULAR BIN 喂料器 FEEDER 调质器 CONDIT
2、IONER 膨化机 EXTRUDER,主要构成 Main Components,膨化过程 EXTRUSION,膨化过程是用螺杆螺套将料送入膨化机内,使原料接受搓揉、打磨、搅拌及内部剪切的一种过程，在这个过程中，热量骤升，原料细胞壁遭到破坏，由于热、水份、高压及时间的共同作用而对原料进行蒸煮，淀粉因此变成糊状形成所谓的“糊化” ，同时，淀粉、蛋白、脂肪结构发生变形形成所谓的“塑化” ，从而可获得各种各样所需要的形状。 is the process of feeding raw material through screw that causes kneading, grinding, mixin
3、g, inner shear force. This time heat has been occurred and cell wall will break away. The factor of heat, moisture, high pressure, time make material cooked. Starch will change status to gelatin called “Gelatinization” . Mean time the structure of starch, protein, fat will be changed call “Plasticiz
4、ation” . This can form many shapes as require,膨化过程 EXTRUSION,因螺套内的压力高于大气压力,当料挤出压模时，压力便会骤减而产生爆破与迅速膨胀，故有空气泡生成。Since the pressure inside screw is higher than atmosphere pressure, when material pass DIE out. The pressure has been changed rapidly that causes blast and expansion. Air bubbles will take pla
5、ce.膨化过程也可以称作HT/ST过程(高温 / 瞬时)Extrusion process also can be called as HT/ST process (High Temperature / Short Time),优点 Advantages - 减少微生素与氨基酸损失 Less vitamin and amino acid loss - 减少营养成分损失 Less nutrient loss,1. 压力 2. 温度 120-150 C Temperature 120-150 C3. 水份 24-28 % Moisture 24-28 %用膨化机制粒：Pelletization b
6、y EXTRUDER- 膨化前的料应满足 : 水份16%, 温度 90 CPre-extruded feed should : moisture 16%,temperature 90 C- 水份 24-28 %, 温度 120-150 C时熟化效果好Feed will be good cooked at moisture 24-28 %, temperature 120-150 C- 借助于压模和切刀可以控制原料形状与密度。Be able to control the shape and density by DIE and pellet cut,Source : Feed Tech IV 1
7、994,膨化过程 EXTRUSION,作用：储存料与保证原料连续送入膨化机。 分料圆桶内的料位不应低于桶高的 1/3 以防止蒸汽倒窜 与湿料粘桶。 Function is staying and keeping feed in order to feed to EXTRUDER constantly. The feed level in circular bin should not less than 1/3 of bin for the purpose of preventing contrary steam and stuck of wet feed.,分料圆桶 CIRCULAR BIN
8、,分料圆桶 CIRCULAR BIN,分料圆桶 CIRCULAR BIN,双出口 2 outlets,单出口 1 outlet,分料圆桶 CIRCULAR BIN,作用 Function 1. 将料从分料圆桶推送到搅拌罐Drag feed from Circular Bin to Mixing Cylinder 2. 喂料器电机转速必须能够改变以便可按照操作工的 要求或针对不同品种的料的需要控制送入搅拌罐与 膨化器的料量大小。Motor of Feeder have to be able to change revolution in order to control the amount o
9、f feed drag to Mixer and Extruder as Operator requirement or suitable condition of each kind of feed. 3. 喂料器的种类：最常用的是螺旋式（绞龙）the kind of Feeder, mostly use Screw Feeder,喂料器 FEEDER,主要部件 The components of Feeder,1. 箱体 : 外部件Feeders case : outer component 2. 桨叶 : 有二根轴，桨叶装在上面用于将料扫入绞龙。 Paddle : there are 2
10、 shafts and paddle for sweeping feed to screw 3.绞龙: 连续地推送料到搅拌罐Screw : feed to Mixing Cylinder constantly,喂料器 FEEDER,喂料器 FEEDER,喂料器 FEEDER,喂料器 FEEDER,作用 ：使料均匀地搅拌与混合，添加蒸汽提高水份与温度。它是料熟化的一个初期过程，料的水份大约为 16- 20 %,熟化时间 2 4 分钟, 温度 90 C 熟化时间 2 4 分钟, 温度 90 C Function : mixing and blending homogeniously and add
11、ing steam for moisture and temperature increase. This is a preliminary process for cooking. Feed moisture is approximately 16 20 %, spend 2 4 minutes, temperature 90 C,搅拌罐或预调质器 MIXING CYLINDER OR PRECONDITIONER,当有油或脂肪要添加到预调质器时，因为油会覆盖料的表面而阻止水的渗入，故添加点应尽可能最接近排料口。 * In case of there is oil or fat adding
12、 in Preconditioner, should be nearest discharge point as possible. Due to the fact that the oil will cover feed surface and block water penetration.,搅拌罐或预调质器 MIXING CYLINDER OR PRECONDITIONER,搅拌罐或预调质器 MIXING CYLINDER OR PRECONDITIONER,搅拌罐有二种型式：MIXING CYLINDER has 2 types1. 压力熟化器 PRESSURE COOKER2. 调质
13、器 CONDITIONER2.1 单轴调质器 SINGLE SHAFT CONDITIONER2.2 差径调质器 DIFFERENTIAL DIAMETER CONDITIONER,搅拌罐或预调质器 MIXING CYLINDER OR PRECONDITIONER,单轴调质器 SINGLE SHAFT CONDITIONER,转速高，可获得好的搅拌效果 但调质时间短，只有30秒或更少 Operate at high speed for good blending. Retention time is low ,about 30 seconds or less,151 rpm.,单轴调质器 S
14、INGLE SHAFT CONDITIONER,调质时间 2-4分钟 Retention time 2-4 minutes系统设计 System design : 大轴（低速轴）上较长的搅拌时间。Long mixing time in bigger shaft (low speed) - 小轴（高速轴）上较好的搅拌效应Good mixing effect in smaller shaft (high speed),差径调质器 DIFFERENTIAL DIAMETER CONDITIONER,1.单轴调质器桨叶调整 :Mixing paddle setting : SINGLE SHAFT C
15、ONDITIONER2.差径调质器桨叶调整 :Mixing paddle setting : DIFFERENTIAL DIAMETER CONDITIONER,桨叶的调整方式 Mixing Paddle Settings,单轴调质器中桨叶调整 Mixing paddle setting : SINGLE SHAFT CONDITIONER,差速调质器中桨叶调整Mixing paddle setting : DIFFERENTIAL DIAMETER CONDITIONER,差速调质器中桨叶调整Mixing paddle setting : DIFFERENTIAL DIAMETER CONDITIONER,桨叶角度 BEATER PITCH ANGLE,桨叶角度 BEATER PITCH ANGLE,桨叶调整的结果 Result of mixing paddle setting,0,Wenger 型 DDC 预调质器 Wenger Model 16 DDC Pre-conditioner,
