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1、Complications of peritoneal dialysis: evaluation with CT peritoneography.,北大医院腹组早读片 2011.03.09,NTRODUCTION,Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (持续性非卧床腹膜透析CAPD) is used to treat endstage renal failure in an increasing number of patients.CAPD has an advantage over hemodialysis in that it allows
2、patients greater freedom to perform daily activities; it also provides other clinical benefits. However, the long-term effectiveness of CAPD is limited by complications, which have various causes.,INDICATIONS AND TECHNIQUE,适应症:复发性腹膜炎，透析液交换困难，腹壁或生殖器软组织水肿，腹壁局限性膨出，超滤减少方法：在CT腹膜造影前，腹腔的透析液要完全引流；1ml/kg非离子型
3、造影剂+ 30ml/kg透析液混匀，缓慢输入腹腔，要求严格无菌操作；患者行走、翻身等活动30分钟后CT扫描；检查完毕将含有造影剂的腹透液置换出来,NORMAL FINDINGS,Limited dispersion due to adhesions,ABNORMAL FINDINGS,Peritonitis: Bacterial peritonitis is the most common complication of CAPD. Patients undergoing CAPD are more susceptible to tuberculous peritonitis than tho
4、se with normal renal function or those undergoing hemodialysis, partly because of their decreased cellular immunity.,Infected fluid collections.,Tuberculous peritonitis,Catheter-related Complications,Catheter Malposition.The distal catheter tip should be inserted in a dependent position into the rec
5、tovesical pouch (in male patients) or the rectouterine pouch (in female patients). Catheter Kinking. Catheter Entrapment.,Catheter Malposition,Catheter Kinking,Catheter entrapment,Dialysate Leakage and Hernias,Sudden increases in pressure may lead to the development of hernias and leaks. Dialysate l
6、eaks may result in poor drainage of dialysate and significant fluid retention. The most common sites of hernias that occur as complications of CAPD are at the umbilicus, near the peritoneal incision for catheter insertion, and in the inguinal canal.,Sclerosing Encapsulating Peritonitis,Hepatic Subca
7、psular Steatosis,References,1 Wang, Q, Ni, ZH, Zhu, ML, et al Diagnostic value of CT peritoneography for non-infectious complications of peritoneal dialysisJ. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Xue Bao. 2008, 6(5): 478-81. 2 Prokesch, RW, Schima, W, Schober, E, et al Complications of continuous ambulatory peritonea
8、l dialysis: findings on MR peritoneographyJ. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000, 174(4): 987-91. 3 Cochran, ST, Do, HM, Ronaghi, A, et al Complications of peritoneal dialysis: evaluation with CT peritoneographyJ. Radiographics. 1997, 17(4): 869-78. 4 Magre, GR, Terk, M, Colletti, P, et al Saline MR peritoneographyJ. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996, 167(3): 749-51.,
