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1、倒 装 结 构 inversion,英语句子的自然语序是“主语 + 谓语”。 如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序被称为“倒装”。谓语全部放在主语之前，为全部倒装；只把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，为部分倒装。 倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要 （如某些疑问句）；二是为了强调； 三是保持句子的平衡或是上下文紧密相接。,一、 全 部 倒 装,（谓语全部放在主语之前） 此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时,1.there be句型, 其中be动词有时可exist, live, stand, lie, seem, appear,remain, happen 等词代替(全部倒装）
2、1) There is an experienced teacher and many lovely students in the classroom.,2.方位词in, out, there, here, inside, outside, up, down, away, off, downstairs, upstairs等以及now, then放在 句首时，谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run等， 并且句子的主语是名词。（全部倒装）,注意：主语是人称代词时，仍用自然语序。Away they went. (=They went away.),2) There lay a
3、winding brook in front of an old house.,2) Now comes your turn to sweep the floor.,1) Away flew the bird which I bought yesterday.,3.直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，有时用倒装。 （全部倒装） “Whats up, Tom?” asked Mother.“The car is mine,” said Tom.,注意：主语是代词时，不倒装。 “The car is mine,” he said.,4.为了平衡句子结构的需要,或为了强调状语(常为介词短语)，或为了使
4、上下文紧密衔接时，将状语提前 （全部倒装）1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.2)Nearby were the canoes in which they hadcome to the island.,5.主语太长，表语太短，为了平衡句子结构的 需要,将表语提前。 （全部倒装）,1. Inside the pyramid are the burial roomsfor the kings and queens. 2. Gone are the days when we are enslaved. 3.
5、 Present at the meeting are ten famous writers.,such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：,1. Such was not his intention.,4. Among the children was an old man.,2. Such are the facts.,二、 部 分 倒 装,把助动词，连系动词或情态动词放在主语之前,1.用于疑问句。（部分倒装） Shall everything be ready before you arrive? What can I do for you?,注意：疑问词做主语或修饰主语时，主谓不颠
6、倒. Who can work it out? How many students have read this book?,2.用于省略if的虚拟条件从句中，should / were / had 被放在句首。（部分倒装） 1)Had I not adopted my class teachers advice, I would have made such a serious mistake.,2)Were she you, she would tell her parents the truth.,3) Should I earn money, I should live better.
7、,3、so, as, neither, nor, no more 位于句首，表示前面的 情况也适合于另一人或物时。（部分倒装）Tom can speak French. So can Jack. If you wont go, neither will I.,- Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?- I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also,注意：若只是表示对前面所述内容的肯定，确认，主谓不倒装T
8、om asked me to go to play football and so I did. “Its raining hard.”,“So it is.”,4. 含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如hardly, rarely, seldom, scarcely, barely, never, not, few, little, neither, nor, not only, hardlywhen, in no case, by no means, no soonerthan, many a time, often 等。 （部分倒装） 1)Not until the 19th centu
9、ry was the written examination probably known. 2)Not only was everything he had taken away from, but also his German citizenship. 3)Not a single mistake did he made.,4)Hardly had I reached the bus stop whenthe bus started.,Hardly anyone believe that today. Not only you but also she has been to Beiji
10、ng. Neither the girls nor John is to blame.,1. Not only is she a good singer, but also she is a good dancer.,2. Neither did he watch TV nor did he go tothe cinema.,3. Not until it is dark will we come home.,注意1：修饰或连接主语时，主谓不倒装,I have never seen such a performance.,注意2： 如否定词不在句首不倒装，例如：,5.only + 状语（副词、
11、介词短语、状语从句）放在 句首时。 （部分倒装） 1)Only then did I realize the value of reading aloud every morning. 2)Only by means of talking can we avoid misunderstanding each other.,3)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.,6.“so /such +表语/状语 + that从句”结构中的so 或such引导的表语/状语放在句首时。 （部分倒装
12、） 1）So frightened was she in the darkness that she didnt dare to move at all. 2）Such a lovely child is he that all of us love him.,3）So hurriedly did she leave that she forgotto switch off the lights.,7.用于形容词（名词/动词）+ as/though 的让步状语从句中。（特殊倒装） 1)Proud as they are, they are afraid to see us. 2)Child a
13、s he is, he knows a lot.( A small child as he is, he knows a lot.) 3) Try hard as they would, they could not lift the box.,4) Youngest as he is in our class, his pronunciation is the best.,8. 用于表示祝愿和祝福之类的句子中。（部分倒装或全部倒装） 1）May you succeed / be happy!,2) Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,Exerci
14、ses: 1.Not until all the fish died in the river_ how serious the pollution was.A.did the villagers realize B.the villagers realizeC.the villagers did realize D.didnt the villagers realize 2.It was not until 1920_ regular radio broadcasts began.A.while B.which C.that D.since 3.I finally got the job I
15、 dreamed about. Never in all my life_ so happy.A.did I feel B.I felt C.I had felt D.had I felt,4. Why cant I smoke here? At no time _ in the meeting-room.A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit 5.No sooner _ than it began to rain heavily.A. th
16、e game began B. has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun6. Do you know Tom bought a new car? I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also,7._ can you expect to get a pay rise.A.With hard work B.Although work hardC.Only with hard work D.Now that he works hard 8.Now_ Sallys turn to keep guard.A.there is B.is going C.has come D.comes 9.Not only_ polluted but_ crowded.A.was the city; were the streetsB.the city was; were the streetsC.was the city; the streets wereD.the city was; the streets were,
