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1、复习九：定语从句的考点讲解和训练复习九：定语从句的考点讲解和训练 【考点扫描】 中考对定语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面： 1. 定语从句的功用和结构 2. 关系代词和关系副词的功用 3. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 考查的主要形式是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空和完成句子。 阅读理解和书面表达肯定也要用到定语从句。 一一. 定语从句的功用和结构定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫 做先行词先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关关系代词和关 系副词系副词。例如： This is t
2、he present that he gave me for my birthday. Do you know everybody who came to the party? I still remember the night when I first came to the village? This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 二二. 关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词的功用 关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用纽带作用， 使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分在定
3、语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做 主语，宾语，定语，关系副词可作状语。 1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行和先行 词一致词一致。例如： I dont like people who talk much but do little. The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book that my grandmother gave
4、me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如： Whats the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. 4. 作状语 Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where I was born. 三三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法各个关系
5、代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The person who broke the window must pay for it. The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如： Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： The girl whos
6、e mother is ill is staying at home today. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如： A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday. 5. that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如： Ive read the newspaper that(which) c
7、arries the important news. Who is the person that（who）is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如： This is the house where we lived last year. The factory
8、where his father works is in the east of the city. 四四. 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：具体使用时还要注意下列问题： 1. 只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况： (1) 先行词是 all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如： All that he said is true. Is there anything that I can do for you?(我能给你做点什么吗？) (2) 先行词被 any, all，much, many 等词修饰时。例如： He
9、is the only foreigner that has been to that place. Tom told her mother all that had happened. 汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他妈妈。 (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如： He was the second (person) that told me the secret. He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。 (4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 This is the best book (th
10、at) I have read this year. This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had. 这是我度过的最美好的时光。 (5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如： They talked about the things and the persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。 (6) 先行词被 the only，the very，the same，the last 修饰时。例： This will be the last chance tha
11、t he can get. (这将会是他得到的唯一机会。) He is the only person that can help you out. (他是唯一能帮你的人。) (7) 当主句是以 who，which 开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是 who 时。例： Which is the book that he bought from the library yesterday? (哪本是你们昨天从图书馆借的书？) 2. 只能用 which，不用 that 的情况： (1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如： The meeting was put off, which was exactly wha
12、t we wanted. (2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如： The thing about which he is talking is of great importance. 3. 特别提醒 定语从句中的谓语动词应该与先行词保持一致。 （1） 【误】People who has been invited to the party are very excited. 【正】People who have been invited to the party are very excited. 【解析】例句中 who 在定语从句中作主语，先行词是 people，从句中谓
13、语动词 要用 have been invited。 （2） 【误】I like the photos which was taken in Beijing. 【正】I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. 【解析】 which were taken in Beijing 是一个定语从句，用于修饰先行词 the photos，而 which 本身就代替先行词 the photos。因此谓语动词要用复数， 造成第句错误的原因是没有弄清楚关系词 which 的实质，只从形式上看 它是单数。 4. 在“one of+复数名词+who/that/whi
14、ch”引导的定语从句中，从句中的动词应该是 复数形式。但如果 the only 来修饰 one 时，从句的动词应是单数形式。如： This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told. She was the only one of the girls who was late. 五五.关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先 行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨 着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如： That was the r
15、oom in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years. 【中考范例】 1. -Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees? -Yes, he does. A. which B. whose C. where D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行 词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有 who 合适。 2. The letter _ I rec
16、eived from him yesterday is very important. A. who B. where C. what D. that 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是 物，而关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有 that 合适。 3. -Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday? -He has gone back to Qinghua University. A. whom B. who C. whose D. which 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行 词是人，而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有 who 合适。 4. I hate people _ talk much but do little. A. whose B. whom C. which D. who 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是
