《会计经典管理案例》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《会计经典管理案例（57页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Systems Design:Job-Order costing,Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs,ProcessCosting,Job-orderCosting,Many different products are produced each period. Products are manufactured to order. Cost are traced or allocated to jobs. Cost records must be maintained for each distinct prod
2、uct or job.,Chapter 4,Types of Costing Systems Used to Determine Product Costs,ProcessCosting,Job-orderCosting,Typical job order cost applications: Special-order printing Building construction Also used in the service industry Hospitals Law firms,Job-Order Costing,Directmaterial,Direct labor,Traced
3、directly to each job,Traced directly to each job,Manufacturingoverhead (OH)Applied to eachjob using apredeterminedrate,Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System,Receive orders from customers,Schedulejobs,Ordermaterials,Begin production,Manufacturing Overhead,Job No. 1,Job No. 2,Job No. 3,Char
4、ge direct material and direct labor costs to each job as work is performed.,Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System,Direct Materials,Direct Labor,Apply overhead to each job using a predeter-mined rate.,Sequence of Events in a Job-Order Costing System,Direct Materials,Direct Labor,Job No. 1,
5、Job No. 2,Job No. 3,Manufacturing Overhead,Job-Order Cost Accounting,The primary document for tracking the costs associated with a given job is the job cost sheet.,Lets investigate,Job-Order Cost Accounting,Job-Order Cost Accounting,Materials Requisition Form,Will E. Delite,Materials Requisition For
6、m,Will E. Delite,Type, quantity, and total cost of material charged to job A-143.,Cost of material is charged to job A-143.,Job-Order Cost Accounting,Job-Order Cost Accounting,Employee Time Ticket,Job-Order Cost Accounting,Job-Order Cost Accounting,Job-Order Cost Accounting,The predetermined overhea
7、d rate (POHR) used to apply overhead to jobs is determined before the period begins.,Application of Manufacturing Overhead,Ideally, the allocation base is a cost driver that causes overhead.,Application of Manufacturing Overhead,Actual amount of the cost driver such as units produced, direct labor h
8、ours, or machine hours. Incurred during the period.,Based on estimates, and determined before the period begins.,Application of Manufacturing Overhead,The Need for a Predetermined Manufacturing Overhead Rate,Using a predetermined rate makes itpossible to estimate total job costs sooner. Actual overh
9、ead for the period is notknown until the end of the period.,$,PearCo applies overhead based on direct labor hours. Total estimated overhead for the year is $640,000. Total estimated labor cost is $1,400,000 and total estimated labor hours are 160,000.What is PearCos predetermined overhead rate per h
10、our?,Overhead Application Example,For each direct labor hour worked on a job, $4.00 of factory overhead will be applied to the job.,Overhead Application Example,POHR = $4.00 per DLH,Overhead Application Example,What amount of overhead willPearCo apply to Job X-32?,Overhead Application Example,Lets s
11、ummarize the document flow we have been discussing in a job-order costing system.,Job-Order CostingDocument Flow Summary,Job-Order CostingDocument Flow Summary,Job Cost Sheets,MaterialsRequisition,Direct materials,Indirect materials,Manufacturing Overhead Account,Job-Order CostingDocument Flow Summa
12、ry,Job Cost Sheets,Employee Time Ticket,Manufacturing Overhead Account,Direct Labor,Indirect Labor,Job-Order CostingDocument Flow Summary,EmployeeTime Ticket,Job Cost Sheets,MaterialsRequisition,OtherActual OHCharges,IndirectMaterial,IndirectLabor,AppliedOverhead,Manufacturing Overhead Account,Lets
13、examine the cost flows in a job-order costing system. We will use T-accounts and start with materials.,Job-Order System Cost Flows,Raw Materials,MaterialPurchases,Direct Materials,Direct Materials,Mfg. Overhead,Indirect Materials,Job-Order System Cost Flows,Work in Process(Job Cost Sheet),Indirect M
14、aterials,Actual,Applied,Next lets add labor costs and applied manufacturing overhead to the job-order cost flows. Are you with me?,Job-Order System Cost Flows,Job-Order System Cost Flows,Direct Labor,Mfg. Overhead,Salaries and Wages Payable,Work in Process(Job Cost Sheet),Direct Materials,OverheadAp
15、plied to Work inProcess,IndirectLabor,Direct Labor,Overhead Applied,IndirectLabor,Indirect Materials,Actual,Applied,If actual and applied manufacturing overheadare not equal, a year-end adjustment is required.,Now lets complete the goods and sell them. Still with me?,Job-Order System Cost Flows,Cost ofGoodsMfd.,Finished Goods,Cost ofGoodsSold,Cost ofGoodsMfd.,Cost of Goods Sold,Cost ofGoodsSold,Job-Order System Cost Flows,Work in Process(Job Cost Sheet),Direct Materials,Direct Labor,Overhead Applied,Lets return to PearCo and see what we will do if actual and applied overhead are not equal.,
