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1、冠词,一.冠词,注意：用a还是用an取决于单词的第一个发音，而不是字母。如: an hour, a university,1. 不定冠词的用法 (1) 表示初次提到的人或物。如: A boy is waiting for you. A thief was caught by a policeman just now. (2) 表示一类人或物如：A horse is an animal. A knife can be used for cutting.,(3) 用于某些不可数名词前，表示某种具体的情况或事物。 如：He has a wide knowledge of history.I want
2、 an ice-cream. (一份冰淇淋）(4) 用于姓氏前表示不认识的“一个姓的人/叫的人”、“某家庭的成员”、 “像 一样的人”或是“某人的作品”。 如: A Mr. Wang (Gang) called you. His daughter married a Smith.He is a Lu Xun.,(5) 用于某些固定词组或短语中。 如：all of a sudden, in a word, in a hurry, a great deal of, at a discount, many a, at a loss, in a sense, at a distance, keep a
3、 diary, once in a while,2. 定冠词的用法 (1) 表示上文提到过的人或事物。 如: I saw a boy yesterday. The boy is very tall. (2) 特指双方都明白的人或物。 如: Open the door, please.Give me the book. (3) 指世上独一无二的事物前或由普通名词组成的专有名词前。,如：The sun is bigger than the earth.The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949. The United States and t
4、he United Kingdom are developed countries. 注意：当前面有形容词修饰时，sun, moon, earth等前也可用a/an. 如：a pale moon, a red sun (4) 与单数可数名词连用，表示一类人或物。 如: The horse is a useful animal.,(5) 与复数可数名词连用，表示整个群体。 如：They are the teachers of this school. (该校全体教师） 比较：They are teachers of this school. (部分） (6) 用于形容词/副词最高级、序数词前，及
5、形容词only、very、same前。 如：I live on the second floor. He is the same age as you.,(7) 用于乐器前。 如: He plays the piano very well. (8)用于姓氏复数前，表示一家人或夫妇。用于某些形容词前，表示一类人。 如：The Smiths are watching TV. The old are taken good care of. (9) 用于江、河、湖、海、群岛、山脉前。 如：the Yangtze River, the Pacific Ocean, the Taihang Mountai
6、ns 注意：独山的表达方式通常用Mount +名字 如：Mount Tai, Mount Lao,(10) 用于by后表示计量单位。 如： The waiters are paid by the hour/day.These eggs are sold by the dozen/kilo. (11) 代替物主代词，用于表示身体部位的名词前。 如：He caught the man by the arm. Tom hit the thief in the face. (12) 用于某些固定词组或短语中。 如：break the ice, in the rain, on the spot,on t
7、he contrary, on the increase,3. 不用冠词（零冠词）的情况 (1)在专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词前一般不用冠词。 如：Failure is the mother of success. We can not live without air. (2) 名词前已有作定语的指示代词、物主代词、不定代词时不用冠词。 如： Pass me that book. The letter is in her bag. Come to see me any day this week.,(3) 复数名词指一类人或事物不用冠词。如：Horses are useful animals
8、. (4) 季节、月份、星期和节日（ Day)名称前不用冠词。 如: Its Sunday today. Mid-Autumn Day falls on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. 注意： the Spring Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival,(5) 三餐、球类运动、棋、牌类游戏及学科名称前不用冠词。 如：When do you have lunch?He often plays football. Do you like playing cards/chess? (6)由介词by引导的交通工具名词前不用冠
9、词。 如： We traveled by train. (7) turn表示“变成”时，其后的名词通常不加冠词。 如：He was a farmer before he turned writer.,(8)在称呼语或表示头衔的名词前不加冠词。特别是表示头衔的名词作补语时。 如：We elected him chairman of the meeting.Professor Chen, may I ask you some questions? 注意：当表示任某一职务的人时其前可以有冠词。 试比较:He was made president of the club.The president o
10、f France visited China last week.,(9)两个相同及相对的名词并用时不加冠词。 如：face to face, day and night, father and son, from door to door (10) 某些固定词组或习惯用语中不用冠词。 如: at dawn/daybreak /sunset, at work, take place, by mistake, go to town, in danger, on foot, in short, in trouble, on earth, on sale, in time, on time, for
11、 example, in honor of, lose (ones) heart, under construction,注意： (1)一人兼有双重或多重身份时，用一个冠词。 如：The singer and poet is going to visit our school. 比较：The singer and the poet are going to visit our school. (2) 两件东西配成一套时，通常用一个冠词。 如：a knife and fork, a needle and thread,a cup and saucer，a watch and chain,5. 高
12、考真题解析 (1) （09安徽）We can never expect_ bluer sky unless we create_ less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the (2) （09北京）The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a,(3). （09江西）Some peop
13、le fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a,(4). （09海南） Lets go to_ cinema- thatll take your mind off the problem for _ while A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a ; a,(5). （09陕西）What_ pity that you couldnt be there to r
14、eceive_ prize! A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the,(6). （09四川）In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the,(7). (（09浙江）I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got _ rough idea of _ project plan. A. the; a B. 不填;
15、the C. the; 不填 D. a; the,(8). （09重庆）Washing machines made by China have won_ worldwide attention and Haier has become _ popular name. A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a,(9). （09全国2 ）What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the,(10). （08 湖南卷）Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again! A. the, the B. 不填，the C. the, 不填 D. 不填，不填,
