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1、能力成熟度模型集成与“认证”介绍 Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) and “Certification” Briefing,V1 By Tian Lixin 田立新,Capability Maturity Model and CMMI are registered marks of SEI,Page 2,Content 目录,Challenges Ahead 当前的挑战 Why Focus on Process? 为什么关注过程？ Whats CMMI? 什么是CMMI? How Can CMMI Benefit you? CMMI有何
2、益处？ Whats CMMI Appraisal? 什么是CMMI 评估？ How to Start? 如何开始？ For More Information？更多信息？,Page 3,Challenges Ahead 当前的挑战,External Challenges 外部挑战 Faster time to market 更快的上市时间 On time delivery commitment 按时交付的承诺 More for less 更低的成本，更多的功能 Better quality 更好的质量 CMMI “Certification” required 要求CMMI”认证“ Intern
3、al Challenges 内部挑战 More complex product 更复杂的产品 Work with partners 与合作伙伴合作 Inadequate predictability 可预见性不足 Too much change and rework 太多的变更和返工 Fire-fighting mode 救火模式,Page 4,Content 目录,Challenges Ahead 当前的挑战 Why Focus on Process? 为什么关注过程？ Whats CMMI? 什么是CMMI? How Can CMMI Benefit you? CMMI有何益处？ What
4、s CMMI Appraisal? 什么是CMMI 评估？ How to Start? 如何开始？ For More Information？更多信息？,Page 5,Why Focus on Process? 为什么关注过程？,Process Improvement Premise 过程改进的前提 “The quality of a product is largely determined by the quality of the process that is used to develop and maintain it” “产品的质量很大程度上取决于开发和维护该产品的过程的质量”,
5、Technology 技术,Process 过程,People 人,Process, people, and technology are the major determinants of product cost, schedule, and quality. 过程、人和技术是产品开发成本、进度和质量的主要决定因素。,Schedule 进度,Quality 质量,Cost 成本,Page 6,Content 目录,Challenges Ahead 当前的挑战 Why Focus on Process? 为什么关注过程？ Whats CMMI? 什么是CMMI? How Can CMMI B
6、enefit you? CMMI有何益处？ Whats CMMI Appraisal? 什么是CMMI 评估？ How to Start? 如何开始？ For More Information？更多信息？,Page 7,Some History 一点历史,1930s：Walter Shewhart began his work in process improvement with principles of statistical quality control. Walter Shewhart开始了基于统计质量控制原理的过程改进活动。 1980s: W. Edwards Deming, J
7、oseph Juran, Watts Humphrey and others extended these principles, and began apply to SW. W. Edwards Deming, Joseph Juran, Watts Humphrey 和其他一些人进一步发展了这些原理，并开始在软件工程领域的应用。 Aug 1991: Mark Paulk and others at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) created the 1st Capability Maturity Model for SW based
8、on Watts Humphery and others work. 基于Watts Humphery 等人的工作， SEI的Mark Paulk 等人建立了第一个CMM模型：软件CMM。 Since 1991, CMMs have been developed for many disciplines: SE-CMM, SW-CMM, IPD-CMM, etc. 自1991年以来，相继有多个学科领域的CMM模型问世：SE-CMM, SW-CMM, IPD-CMM等。 1997: US Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisiti
9、on and Technology led a team comprised of government, industry, and the SEI decided to focus on developing an integrated framework for maturity models and associated products. 美国国防采购与技术办公室领导了一个由政府、企业和SEI的代表组成的团队开始开发一个CMM模型的集成框架。 Jan 2002:CMMI V1.1 was released and adopted quickly by many organizatio
10、ns, over 1500 appraisals based on CMMI have been reported to the SEI. 2002年1月CMMI V1.1正式发布，并立即被广泛采用，截止到2006年初已有超过1500个基于CMMI的评估报告给了SEI。 Aug 2006: CMMI V1.2 released. 2006年8月，CMMI V1.2正式发布。,Page 8,CMMI is: CMMI是：,A model that consists of best practices that address the development and maintenance of
11、products and services 一个包含了产品与服务开发、维护最佳实践的模型 A framework that describes key elements of effective process 一个描述有效过程应包含的关键组成元素的框架 A guide to evolutionary improvement from ad hoc, immature activities to mature, disciplined processes 一个从杂乱、不成熟的活动向成熟、规范的过程演进的指南 A yardstick for appraising current practice
12、s 一个评估当前实践的标尺,Page 9,CMMI is NOT: CMMI不是：,A set of processes which can be used directly 一套可以直接拿来用的过程 Restricted to a single discipline (i.e. SW Engineering) 局限于单一的学科领域（如：软件工程） “Silver bullet” which can solve all problems quickly 可以马上解决所有问题的“银弹” Only for big organizations 只适用于规模较大的组织,Page 10,CMMI Str
13、ucture Overview CMMI 模型结构概览,CMMI Core (22 Process Areas) CMMI核 (22个过程域）,SE Related Examples 系统工程相关的实例,IPPD Addition 集成产品与过程开发 附加内容,SW Related Examples 软件工程相关的实例,CMMI for Development V 1.2,HW Related Examples 硬件工程相关的实例,开发CMMI,CMMI for Development,CMMI for Service,CMMI for Acqusition,服务CMMI,合同采购CMMI,P
14、age 11,CMMIs 2 Representatives CMMI 模型的2种表示法,Process Area 1 过程域1,Generic通用 Practices实践,Staged阶段式,Maturity Levels 成熟度等级,Specific特定 Goals目标,Process Area 2 过程域2,Process Area n 过程域n,Continuous连续式,Capability Levels 能力等级,Process Area 1 过程域1,Process Area 2 过程域2,Process Area n 过程域n,Generic通用 Goals目标,Specifi
15、c特定 Practices实践,Specific特定 Goals目标,Generic通用 Goals目标,Generic通用 Practices实践,Specific特定 Practices实践,Similar to SW-CMM 与SW-CMM类似 5 Maturity Levels (ML) 5个成熟度等级 A set of pre-defined process areas at each ML 在每个成熟度等级上预定义了一组过程域,Similar to SE-CMM 与SE-CMM类似 6 Capability Levels (CL) 6个能力等级 Flexible selection
16、 of process areas to improve 可灵活选择待改进的过程域,Page 12,Project Management 项目管理,Process Areas 过程域,Category 类,Requirements Management 需求管理 Requirements Development 需求开发 Technical Solution 技术方案 Product Integration 产品集成 Verification 验证 Validation 确认,Engineering 工程,Configuration Management 配置管理 Process and Product Quality Assurance 过程与产品质量保证 Measurement and Analysis 度量与分析 Decision Analysis and Resolution 决策分析与解决 Causal Analysis and Resolution 诱因分析与解决,
