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1、2018/10/12,1,句子成分 和 基本句型,2018/10/12,2,(Members of a Sentence),3,现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。,句子包括哪些成分？,主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一
2、般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首,2018/10/12,4,The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends.,谓语：,谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成,2018/10/12,5,They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English.,宾语,宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代
3、词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后,2018/10/12,6,She plays the piano. He often helps me. I like watching TV. She likes to go to shop this afternoon. I think that he is good guy.,表语：,表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面,2018/10/12,7,I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is
4、 here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing.,补语：补充说明。（由动词类别来决定） 补语的构成形式：1）名词 2）代词 3）形容词 4）数词 5）不定式 6）-ing 形式 7）过去分词 8）介词短语 9）名词从句,主语补语 Tom was made monitor. 宾语补语 I made Tom monitor. 表语补语 I am sure to succeed.,2018/10/12,8,宾语补足语,在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语
5、才能表达完整的意思它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当,2018/10/12,9,If you let me go, Ill make you king.Leave the door open. We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I saw him enter the hall.The boss keeps them working all day.I heard my name called.,定语,定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词，代词，数词，名词
6、，介词短语，不定式，动名词，分词，从句都可以充当定语,2018/10/12,10,The black bike is mine.Whats your name? A broken vase.I have 5 books. A sleeping boy.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.I have something to do.It is a swimming pool.,状语,状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当
7、,2018/10/12,11,He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi. He is writing with a pen.,2018/10/12,12,有哪几种常见的句型结构？,2018/10/12,13,2018/10/12,14,基本句型 一： （主系表） （是系动词） 1. This is an Englis
8、h-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He fell in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well has gone dry. 我们井干枯了。 8. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。
9、,2018/10/12,15,系动词词义不完整，在句中不能单独使用（除省略句外），后面必须接有表语，系动词和表语一起构成合成谓语。,2018/10/12,16,一、系动词的分类： 常见的系动词大致可分为三类。 第一类：表示特征或状态的，有be， look， feel， seem， appear， smell， taste， sound， turn out（结果是、证明是）等。 Youll be all right soon. You dont look very well. I feel rather cold. He seems to be ill. It appears that he i
10、s unhappy. The roses smell sweet. The mixture tasted horrible. How sweet the music sounds! The day turned out (to be) a fine one,2018/10/12,17,第二类：表示从一种状态到另一种状态的变化，有become， get， grow， turn， fall， go， come， run等。He became a world-famous scientist. It is getting warmer and warmer. It grew dark. The fo
11、od has turned bad. Yesterday he suddenly fell ill. Marys face went red. His dream has come true. The boys blood ran cold.,2018/10/12,18,第三类：表示保持状态的，有keep， remain， continue，stay等。 Keep quiet, children! The weather continued fine for a long time. It remains to be proved.,2018/10/12,19,1.系动词后的表语可以是名词、代
12、词、数词、形容词、分词、动名词、不定式、副词、介词短语、词组、从句，系动词be可用于上述所有情况。The news was surprising.（分词） His job is teaching English.（动名词） The only method is to give the child more help.（不定式） I must be off now.（副词） The bridge is under construction.（介词短语） That would be a great weight off my mind.（词组） This is why he was late.（从
13、句）,2018/10/12,20,2.所有的系动词都可接形容词作表语，此处略举数例。 Our future will be beautiful. She looks unhappy today. Do you feel cold？ You seem/appear ill. The food tastes delicious. The weather is turning/ growing/ becoming/ getting cold. He often went hungry.,2018/10/12,21,3.能用不定式作表语的系动词有：appear， seem， get， prove， r
14、emain， turn out等。 She appears/ seems to be very young. He appears/ seems to have caught cold. They got to be friends。 The meeting turned out to be successful. The theory proved to be right. Much remains to be done.,2018/10/12,22,4. 能接从句的有：be， seem， appear， sound， look等。 Thats why he fell ill. My ide
15、a is that we should help him. It seems/ appears to me that something is wrong. It sounds to me as if someone were trying to get into the house. Your voice sounds as if you had a cold. It looks as if it is going to rain.,2018/10/12,23,5. 能接介词短语的有：be， feel， look， sound， taste，remain等。 be是特别活跃的系动词，其后可接
16、很多介词短语作表语。 He is at home/ in the library/ on the way home/ on holiday.They are on duty/ on strike/ on leave. The road is under repair.,2018/10/12,24,其他系动词能和介词搭配的范围很小。如： It feels like a rain.It looks like a rain. It sounds like a train going under my room. It tastes of apples.（这有苹果的味道。） The concert remains in my memory.,
