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1、中考英语语法,从句的中考总结,第一部分：如何判断三种从句,第二部分：从句的时态总结,从句与时态,定语从句,定语从句的时态完全根据具体时间要求 I meet a friend who I made in Shanghai. It is the right book that I have looked for.,宾语从句,主句现在类，从句无要求； 主句过去类；从句过去类,I knew what he was. I know what he was. I know what he is.,时间 状语从句,同时出现类型：,都没有出现类型：,一前一后出现类型：,前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为主
2、从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型， 每种句型分别对应独特的句式,三类时间,1、主从句同时发生,2、主从句都没有发生,3、主从句一前一后发生,What were you doing when the UFO arrived?,What are you doing when the UFO arrives?,I would leave if he came.,I will leave if he comes.,The train had been away when I arrived.,过去配过去,过去配过去,现在配现在,现在配现在,前引：根据主从句的三种时间关系，分为
3、主 从句同时发生、主从句都没有发生、主从句一前一后发生三类句型， 每种句型分别对应独特的句式,三类时间,1、主从句同时发生,2、主从句都没有发生,3、主从句一前一后发生,过去类：.过去进行 when 一般过去,现在类：现在进行 when 一般现在,过去类：过去将来 when 一般过去,现在类：一般将来when 一般现在,过去完成 when 一般过去,You are copying when I teach You were copying when I taught I will leave as soon as he arrives I would leave as soon as he a
4、rrived The train had left before I arrived at the station After the train had left, I arrived,第三部分：连接词总结,1、as,1、因为,可引导原因状语从句 (because/ since/ for/ as都可引导原因状语从句) 例:As he wasnt well, I went there along.因为他不舒服,我自己去那儿了. 2、conj 同时强调 “一边一边”, 可引导时间状语从句(as/ when / while 的详细区别,见 when的讲解) 例:He song as he went
5、 alone.他边走边唱. 3、as soon as.一就,引导时间状语从句 例: He got on the train as soon as he got to the station.他一到车站就登上了火车. 4、asas和一样 例:He is as tall as his father. 他和他的爸爸一样高 5、as if就象,常用于虚拟语气.例: She looks as if she were drunk.她看上去好象喝醉了.,if,是否-whether （宾语从句）,He wondered if the girl would appear.,如果,可能发生 （主将从现）,不可能发
6、生 （虚拟语气）,I will tell you if you visit me.,I would study hard if I were you.,even if =though=although=even though即使,连接让步状语从句 例: He improves himself in English little even if he studies hard.即使他学习很努力,英语仍少见提高 as if 虚拟语气连接词.好像,活似 例: The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.这个老人跑得很快好像是个年轻人一样(
7、as if引导的特殊虚拟语气. 主句正常时态 as if+ 主+过去时/were),题: You will do much better _ you are more careful with your spelling. A if B before C although D unless 题:Come and join us, Jimmy! - I am sorry, but I am really busy now. if I _ time, I would certainly go.A. will have B. have had C. had D. have 解析:如果我现在有时间,我
8、一定去,(表明我现在没有时间,和现在相反,现在时的虚拟语气),3、what,讲解:1)特殊疑问词-例:What is he? 他是干什么的？ 2)连接宾语从句-例: I believed what he told me 我相信他告诉我的事(引导宾语从句)。 3)后接不定式-例:I dont know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。 4)引导感叹词, 句型: what +n +陈述句!- how+形容词+陈述句! 例:What a beautiful girl she is! 她真是个漂亮女孩！-How beautiful she is!,4.when(adv)何时，什么时候；当的时
9、候 (conj)当时,讲解:1)特殊疑问词-例: When did you come here? 你什么时候来的？ 2)连接宾语从句-例: I dont know when the plane takes off.我不知道飞机何时起飞 3)连动词不定式-例:I dont know when to leave for London. 我不知道何时动身去伦敦 4)连接状语从句-注意三类从句,注意主从句发生时间和相对应的时态(必考内容!例句背) 5)连接定语从句 例:It happened on the day when we began our new term. 事情发生在新学期的第一天,5.w
10、hether(conj)是否,讲解：whether是连词，有两个意思,分别引到不同的从句 1)表示是否引导宾语从句=if 例:I dont know whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来 2) 表示是否-引导动词不定式(此时if不能这样用) 例: She hasnt decided whether to go or not. 她还没决定去还是不去。 3)表示:不管，无论-引导状语从句(易忘记) 例:Whether you like it or not, youll have to do it. 你必须做这件事，不管你喜不喜欢 区别if - whether 一:表示是否
11、连接宾语从句,if=whether 二:表示是否连接不定式if不可以,whether可以 三:连接状语从句时,if表如果whether表无论,6.which(adj)哪一个，哪些 (pron)谁，哪一个，哪些；,讲解:1)特殊疑问词-例: Which came first, the chicken or the egg?哪个先产生，鸡还是蛋？ 2)连接宾语从句-例: I dont know which came first 我不知道哪个先来 3)后接不定式-例:I dont know which to be chosen . 我不知道该做选哪个。 4)连接定语从句,指代物(定语从句中用whic
12、h 代替what) 例:I like the book which you bought for me.我喜欢这本你为我买的书 5)作形容词，哪一个，哪一些。 例:Which foreign language are you studying? 你在学哪种外语。,7.while(conj)当的时候；然而，虽然 (n)时间，短时间,1)当的时候。Be ving when 一般时- 一般时 while be ving 例:The phone rang while I was washing my hair. 电话响的时候我正在洗头 例:The phone was ringing when I wa
13、shed my hair. 电话响的时候我正在洗头 2)虽然，尽管。 例:While he was respected, he was not liked. 他虽然受到尊敬，但没有受到喜爱。 3)表示对比，而，然而。While只能连接从句-but不能连接从句 例:He is a doctor while I am a teacher. 他是个医生而我是老师 4)while作名词是表示一段时间，常用词组: for a while 例:It takes a while to repair the bike.,8.who谁-whom谁-.whose,讲解:who即可以作主语,又可以作宾语;而whom
14、只能做宾语 1)特殊疑问词-例: Who came first?谁第一个来的?(不可替换,who做主语) 2)连接宾语从句-例:I dont know who/whom came first 我不知道谁先来(可替换,who做宾语) 3)后接不定式-例:I dont know who to come first .我不知道谁先来(不可替换,who做主语) 4)连接定语从句,指代人(可替代主语,宾语) 例:I like the baby who sits before me.我喜欢这个坐在我前面的孩子(注意单数,常考题) 例:I like the baby who you like too.我喜欢
15、你也喜欢的这个孩子(替代宾语),9 whose(pron,conj)谁的,讲解：:1)特殊疑问词-例: Whose pen is this? 这是谁的笔。 2)连接宾语从句-例: I wonder whose house it is. 我想知道这是谁的房子 3)连接定语从句,指代人、物。 例: This is the girl whose name is Mary. 这就是那个叫玛丽的女孩。,第四部分：从句的题型运用,1.Shaolin Temple lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abr
16、oad.A. where B. which C. who D. what 2.Last summer I went to Lu Xuns hometown and visited the house he was born.A. that B. there C. which D. where 3.Can you tell me _ ? A. where does Tom live B. where to Tom live C. Tom lives where D. where Tom lives 4.I think _ you will like him. A. that B. if C. why D. how,
