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1、语法专题五 数词和主谓一致,-2-,高考感悟,考点归纳,1.(2016全国甲,语法填空)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow (be) often acceptable. 2.(2016全国丙,语法填空)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and (be) too violent for use at the table.,1.is 根据语境可知此处要用一般现在时,表示一个常态或者习惯做法,且动词-ing形式做主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 2.were 根
2、据语境以及前面的动词believed可知此处应用一般过去时,且主语knives为复数形式,故谓语动词用were。,-3-,高考感悟,考点归纳,3.(2015课标全国,语法填空)This cycle (go) day after day:The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.,3.goes 本文讲述的是事实,后面的动词 warm也用了一般现在时,故这里的go也应用一般现在时
3、;又因为主语This cycle为第三人称单数,故用goes。,-4-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,一、数词 数词分为两种:基数词(表示数目)和序数词(表示顺序)。表示某人的确切年龄,用“基数词+year(s) old”或者“at the age of+基数词”,也可直接用基数词;表示某人几十多岁时,用“in ones+基数词的复数(如twenties,thirties等)”来表达。 She is still in her twenties. 她才二十几岁。,-5-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,表示“几十年代”时,在年份后加-s或-s。 My grandpa was born in the 1
4、930s. 我爷爷出生于20世纪30年代。分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,则分母用复数。如:one-fourth(a quarter)1/4;two-fifths 2/5。 Two-thirds of the money was spent on food. 三分之二的钱都花在了食品上。,-6-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,1.dozen(一打,十二),score(二十)与具体数词或与many,several 等连用时,后不加-s,所修饰的名词前介词of有无均可。但是习惯上score多与of连用,而dozen很少与of连用。如:two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋,many doz
5、en pencils好多打铅笔;two score of eggs 40个鸡蛋;three score of people 60个人。dozen,score的复数形式后接of时,表示“许多”。如:dozens of eggs几十个鸡蛋,scores of pencils几十支铅笔。 2.当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these,those,my,your等或是修饰人称代词宾格them,us,you时,这时需要加of。如:two dozen of these pens,three score of them。,-7-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,二、主谓一致 谓语动词的数应和主语的人称和数保持一致,
6、这叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致的问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。,-8-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,1.主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、书名等整体概念的名词时。 Ten miles is not a long way for me. 十英里对我来说不是很长的距离。 2.由
7、and连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语,前面由不定代词every/each/no修饰时。 Each boy and(each) girl has an apple. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。 3.and连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且两个名词共用一个冠词时。 A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now. 一位英语老师兼班主任现在正告诉我们关于义工们的一些情况。,-9-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,4.“the number of+
8、复数名词”做主语时。 The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800. 出席会议的教授人数是1800人。 5.动词-ing(短语)、不定式、从句做主语时。 What the teacher of the science class does and says is of great importance to the students at college. 理科老师做的事和说的话对学院里的学生很重要。 6.“more than one+单数名词”和“many a+单数名词”做主语时。 More than one student
9、 has gone to Beijing. 不止一个学生去了北京。,-10-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won first prize of a weekend for two in Paris. 嘿,我手机上有一条短信,告诉我我已获得巴黎周末双人游的一等奖。 Delete it!Its a trick.Many a person has been cheated by such tricks. 删掉吧!那是个骗局。许多人被这样的短信骗过。 7.“the+形容词”做主语,
10、表示一类抽象的事物时,谓语动词用单数形式。 The new is sure to replace the old. 新生事物一定会取代旧的事物。,-11-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,1.有些集合名词如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police 等做主语,后面的谓语动词用复数形式。 The police are searching for the murderer. 警方正在搜寻凶手。 2.“the+形容词/分词”做主语,表示某一类人时,谓语动词用复数形式。 The old are living a happy life now. 老人们现在生活幸福。 3.由and或
11、both.and.连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。 Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop. 这家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。,-12-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,1.集合名词如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等做主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,如果侧重其成员,谓语动词用复数形式。 The family which is not big like watching footba
12、ll games. 这个家庭不大,全家人喜欢看足球比赛。,-13-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,2.主语是单复数同形的名词如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft等时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数形式。 Every means has been tried,but none proved successful. 每个办法都尝试过了,但没有一个是成功的。 Many means have not come into effect. 许多方法都没生效。,-14-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,3.代词none,neither,all以及what
13、引导的从句等做主语,谓语动词的单复数形式取决于所指代的内容。 All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. 我们所需要的就是一小块土地,在这儿我们可以在一年的生长季节种植各种各样的果树。 What they have are 200 computers. 他们拥有的就是二百台电脑。,-15-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,4.population表示“人口”,即一个国家或地区的居民数目,
14、它做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,population是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,它做主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。 The population of Canada is about 36 million. 加拿大的人口数大约是3600万。 Eighty percent of the population in that country are farmers. 那个国家80%的人口是农民。,-16-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,1.有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语,该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。 The danger of forest fires is n
15、ot to be taken lightly. 森林火灾的危险不能轻视。 2.当主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including 等连接的单词(词组)时,其谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们前面的主语取得一致。 Newspapers,as well as magazines,play an important role in daily c
16、ommunication. 报纸,还有杂志,在我们的日常交流中起到了重要的作用。,-17-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,1.由some,plenty,a lot,lots,most,the rest,all,half,part或分数、百分数+of+名词等短语做主语时,谓语动词常与of后的名词保持数的一致。如果of后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词,谓语动词就用单数形式。 About one third of the books are well worth reading. 大约三分之一的书非常值得阅读。 Over 30% of the work has been finished. 百分之三十以上的工作已经完成了。,-18-,高考感悟,考点归纳,一,二,2.由a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of,名词+of this kind(type,sort,part,piece,section,pair)等构成的短语做主语时,谓语动词与of前的名词保持数的一致。 This kind of animals is dangerous. Animals of this kind are dangerous. 这种动物很危险。,
