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1、被动语态,语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。 英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。,主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。 如： Many students study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态),语态,被动语态的结构,助动词be+过去分词 (be + done),by many students.,1.Many students study English.,English,is studied,2.They make shoes in that factory.,Sh
2、oes,are made,by them,in that factory.,1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：,is/are+过去分词,They play football on Sunday. Lucy does the homework in the evening. They often use computers in class. We make these machines in Beijing.,Football is played by them on Sunday.,The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.,Computers ar
3、e often used by them in class.,These machines are made in Beijing.,1. They bought a computer last term,by them last term.,2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：,was/were +过去分词,last year.,2.We planted many trees last year.,Many trees,were planted,A computer,was bought,They built the tall building last year. He took good ca
4、re of his little brother yesterday. We cleaned our classroom just now. They used the rooms for resting.,The tall building was built by them last year.,His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.,Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.,The rooms were used for resting by them.,3.一般将来
5、时的被动语态结构：,be going to be/will be+过去分词,1.They will finish the work in ten days.,by them in ten days.,The work,will be finished,2.Tom is going to clean the room tomorrow.,The room,is going to be cleaned,by Tom tomorrow.,We will hold a sports meeting next week. Children will take some photos in the sch
6、oolyard tomorrow. The headmaster is going to give a talk this afternoon.,A sports meeting will be held by us next week.,Some photos will be taken by children in the school tomorrow.,A talk is going to be given by the headmaster this afternoon.,4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：,can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,1.Amy can
7、 take good care of Gina ,by Amy.,Gina,can be taken good care of,2.You should drink more water.,More water,should be drunk,by you.,1.He can take care of the baby. 2.Lucy may draw the pictures. 3.You must turn off the lights. 4.They should learn English well.,The baby can be taken care of by him.,The
8、picture may be drawn by Lucy.,The lights must be turned off by you.,English should be learned well by them.,5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构,is / am / are + being 过去分词,1.Some workers are painting the rooms now,by some workers now.,The rooms,are being painted,2.He is watching TV.,TV,is being watched,by him.,6.现在完成时的被
9、动语态的结构,have / has been 过去分词,1.We have made a key,by us.,A key,has been made,2.We have finished our compositions.,Our compositions,have been finished,by us.,表格：被动态基本结构,am/is/are done,was/were done,am/is/are being done,was/were being done,be going to/will be done,have/has been done,1.Our school _ in 2
10、002.(开办) 2.The young trees must_ _ _ well. (照顾) 3. _ this building_(建成)last year? 4.The book _ _(写)by him last year. 5. The bridge _ _(不建造)in1989 6.The 29th Olympic Games will_ _ (举行) in UK in 2012.,was opened,be looked after,Was,built,was written,wasnt built,be held,完成下列句子：,Such books are written f
11、or children. 这些书是为儿童写的。,被动语态的用法,（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.,Its said / reported / + that 据说/据报道 Its reported that it will rain tomorrow. 据报道，明天会下雨。,（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。,The cup was broken by David.,（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.,被动语态的几种类型,1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）,如：1.He gave me a book. I was given
12、a book by him. A book was given to me by Tom. 2. I bought him a book. He was bought a book by me. A book was buoght for him by me.,give me a book,间,直,= give a book to me,直,间,to: pass, give, show, bring for: make, buy, draw,They take good care of my child. I turned off the radio.,2.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态,-My
13、 child is taken good care of .,-The radio was turned off (by me).,即hear , watch , see , make , let ,这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.,1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.,He,was seen,to play basketball last Sunday.,2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours.,He,is made,to work for 10 hours.,3.感官动词和使役动
14、词的被动语态,4.过去分词做后置定语，表示被动,a boy called Tom 一个叫Tom的男孩 a book bought yesterday 一本昨天买的书,5.过去分词做宾补，表示被动,get/make/have sth done 使某物被,make me understood 使我被理解/使人理解我 have my hair cut 使我头发被剪/请人给我剪头,1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代 词时，不能改为被动语态。 We often help each other. 2）have, take place ,happen feel感觉起来,look 看起来,sound,
15、taste, smell不用于被动 如: I have a bike. An accident happened to him. The music sounds beautiful.,6.不能用于被动语态的几种情况,填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last
16、 week .,is,cleaned,was given by,Practice,3. A lot of people in China can speak English now . （同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will read these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month.,
