《高中英语 语法剖析活用 unit 4 law and order学案 牛津译林版选修10》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《高中英语 语法剖析活用 unit 4 law and order学案 牛津译林版选修10(3页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、1UnitUnit 4 4 LawLaw andand orderorder【语法剖析活用】 关于非谓语动词的复习关于非谓语动词的复习 一、动词不定式和动名词作主语 动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性动作,不定式作主语表示具体的或一次性的动 作,特别是将来的动作。动名词作主语时,可以有其逻辑主语,但必须是所有格或形 容词性物主代词。 二、动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语 1.不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。 2.动词不定式和动名词作表语说明主语的内容,现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特 征,过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。 三、动词不定式和动名词作宾语 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语,如
2、:want, wish, hope, manage, demand,promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect 等。 2.有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语,如 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, deny 等。 3.有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词,意义
3、上无多大区别,如 love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start, continue 等。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟动名词,但意义上有区别,如 forget, remember, mean, regret, stop, try 等。 四、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语和主语补足语 1.有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语补足语或主语补足语,如 ask, tell, order, want, wish, warn, allow, advise, permit, forbid 等。 2.有些动词后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语,但意义不 同,
4、如 see, watch, notice, observe, hear, feel, have, make 等,且不定式不带 to,但在被动结构中必须带 to。不定式指动作的全过程;现在分词指正在进行的动作 的一部分,且表主动意义;过去分词指已经完成的动作,且表被动意义。 五、不定式、动名词、分词作定语 1. 不定式作定语表示“将要” ,现在分词表示“正在”或主动,过去分词表示完成或 被动。 2. 动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途,现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作。 六、动词不定式和分词作状语 动词不定式作状语修饰动词、形容词,表示原因、目的和结果,分词作状语修饰动词 和句子,表示时间、原因
5、、条件、方式、伴随和结果。 【活学巧用】 单项填空1. I tapped the top of my desk, _an easy way out of this matter. A. hoping for B. hoping to C. hoped for D. to hope for 答案:A 解析此处为现在分词作伴随状语。2. John pained her sitting in a chair with her hands _.2A. folding B. to have folded C. to fold D. folded 答案:D 解析 “with her hands+分词”是独
6、立主格结构,作伴随状语。Folded 过去分词形式表 被动。3. He sat back on the chair, took a book and began to read, _. A. being looked at ease B. looked rather at ease C. to look rather at ease D. looking rather at ease 答案:D 解析现在分词短语作伴随状语。4. The steam engine gives us an example of heat _into work. A. turns B. turned C. turni
7、ng D. being turned 答案:D 解析Heat 与 turn 存在被动关系,所以要用被动形式,再从意义上看,所举的是热能 转变成动能这一例子,而不是被变成了动能的热能的例子,所以 B 项不当,此处应 看作 heat 后省略了“s”,是动名词的复合结构。5. A Russian-made rocket _a U.S. telecommunications satellite_ successfully _on Thursday. A. carrying; is; launched B. carrying; was; launched C. carried; has; launche
8、d D. carried; has been; launched 答案:B 解析题意为:周四,一枚载有美国无线电通讯卫星的俄罗斯制造的火箭成功发射了。 Rocket 是 carry 的逻辑主语,所以用现在分词。Carrying a US telecommunications 作定语修饰 rocket;由 on Thursday 判断应用一般过去时; rocket 作主语句子应用被动语态。6. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C.
9、 not do it D. do not to 答案:A 解析not to 为 not to do it 的省略形式。可以只用 to 这个词,而不必重复整个不定 式词组。7.A television programme _“Kimll fix it”invites viewers to say what they really want to do. A. being want to do B. having called C. calling D. called 答案:D 解析题意为:一个叫做“交给 Kim 解决”的电视节目邀请观众说出他们想做的事。因 为 call 与 programme
10、存在动宾关系,所以可以排除 B、C 两项;being called 表示 正在进行也不合题意。过去分词词组 called“Kimll fix it”做定语修饰 programme。 8There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light.3A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 答案:B 解析由于声音在闪电后,因此为声跟随着光,声音为跟随的发出者,为主动。用现在 分词。9._, liquids can be changed into gases. A. Hea
11、ting B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat 答案:C 解析本题要选一分词作为状语。现在分词表主动,正在进行,过去分词表被动,已经 完成。对于液体来说是加热的受动者,是被动的,因而选 C。它相当于一个状语从 句 When it is heated。选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,如果 分词的动作是主句的主语发出者,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。10._a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 答案:C 解析本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式,根据题意判断,分词的动作(接信)发生 在谓语动词的动作(决心再写信)之前,因此用分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构 成为 not+分词,故选 C。该句可理解为:Because he had not received a reply, he decided to write again。