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1、第 1 页 共 13 页定语从句一、定语的概念：一、定语的概念：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。比如： (先试试用横线划出下面短语中的定语，然后在后面的括号里注明是什么在作定语)a beautiful girl（ ）a shoe factory（ ） Jims father ( ) our teacher ( ) the man in the car （ ）the man standing at the door（ ） the man who is talking with Sam （ ） 二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：二、定语从句的概念及主要特征：1定语从句：2. 定语从句的主要特征：在句中起定
2、语作用，相当于形容词，修饰某一代词或名词或整个主句的从句。1. 先行词 (Antecedent)：定语从句所修饰的词。2. 关系词 (Relatives) ：连接主句与从句的词并在定语从句中充当某一句子成分。3.定语从句所缺句子成分：主语、宾语、表语、状语。The girl （先行词）who （关系词）stands under the tree is my sister.三、定语从句的基本用法：三、定语从句的基本用法：定 语 从 句 的 引 导 词关关系系 代代词词关关系系 副副词词指指人人指指物物who(主主语语、宾宾语语)，whom(宾宾语语)， that(主主语语、宾宾语语), whos
3、e(定定语语)that(主主语语、宾宾语语),which(主主语语、宾宾语语) whose(定定语语)where (地地点点状状语语)when (时时间间状状语语)why (原原因因状状语语)第 2 页 共 13 页（一）关系代词引导的定语从句（一）关系代词引导的定语从句1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语，有时也作宾语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。分析：先行词 the boys 在从句中作主语。Those who want to go to the museum must be at th
4、e school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨 7 点到大门口集合。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。You neednt talk to the people who you dont like talking to. 分析：先
5、行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。第 3 页 共 13 页分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. 李明正是我想要见的男孩。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. 你正在等的教授已经来了。分析：先行词_ 引导
6、词在从句中作_。注意：关系代词 whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用 who 来代替，也可省略。The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.3. whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 。分析：先行词_引导词在从句中作_。He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 译成汉语：_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。I lost the book who
7、se cover was blue. 我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。We live in a house whose windows face the south. 译成汉语:_注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?第 4 页 共 13 页
8、Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 自己总结一下：在定语从句中，whose + 名词 _ 4which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. 足球是大多数男孩所喜欢的运动。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。He likes to read b
9、ooks which are written by foreign writers. 译成汉语:_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The house which is by the lake looks nice. 湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. 译成汉语：_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 他们昨晚看的电影一点意思
10、也没有。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。5that 引导定语从句时，既可以指人，也可以指物。指人时，相当于 who 或whom；指物时，相当于 which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可第 5 页 共 13 页省略。The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. 每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿
11、？分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The person that / / you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that / comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。Yesterday I received a letter that /_ came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳(二二) 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。常可以用 in/on/at +which 代替。I still re
12、member the day when I first came to this school. 我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。 分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The time when we got together finally arrived. 我们团聚的时刻终于到了。分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 第 6 页 共 13 页1949 年 10 月 1 日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。把这个句子改成两个简单句：_分析：先
13、行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. 你还记得在农村和你祖父母一起生活的那些年吗？把这个句子改成两个简单句：-_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。2. where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。常可用 in/on/at which 代替。Shanghai is the city where I was born. 上海是我出生的城市。把这个句子改成两个简单句：-_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. 我十年前住的房子已经被拆掉了。把这个句子改成两个简单句：-_分析：先行词_ 引导词在从句中作_。I visited the farm where a lot of cows were
