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1、1阅读理解阅读理解01 命题趋势 考标导向化 1.命题原则 (1)考查学生在阅读中准确捕获信息的能力。这就 要求考生通过阅读短文，运用自己所学的语法、词组、 短语等方面的语言知识，根据自己的理解，掌握所读 材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实 和情节，迅速找出题目后面的正确选项。 (2)要求学生既理解具体的事实，也理解抽象的概 念；既理解文章的表层意思，也理解文章的深层含义， 包括作者的态度、意图等“弦外之音” 。 (3)要求学生既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全 篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。 (4)要求学生既能根据材料提供的信息去理解，也 能结合自己应有的常识去理解。 2.试
2、题特点 阅读理解题要求学生根据材料的内容从四个(或三 个)选项中选出最佳答案，主要考查学生的语篇阅读能 力、分析能力和判断能力，是一种综合性很强的题型。3.阅读材料的选取特点 (1)阅读文章不少于两篇，一般是三至四篇，分值 不少于 30 分，一般是 30-40 分，是中考试题中的重头 戏。 (2)题材广泛，涉及科普、社会、政治、经济、文 化、历史、习俗、故事等各个方面。答案一般可以直 接在文章中找到，有的虽不能直接在文章中找到，但 文章中有它们的同义形式或通过某些暗示及关键信息 都可推测出。 (3)体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、议论文、应 用文。近年来的中考英语阅读理解多选用一些富有鲜 明时代
3、特征、实用性强的语言材料作为试题的素材， 如报刊文章、使用说明书、招贴告示、广告以及各类 图表等。选用这些材料不仅能提高测试的真实性，还 能通过展示目标语言在现实生活中的真实运用来激发 学生的学习动力。 预计 2015 年中考会加大对学生阅读理解能力的考 查，阅读材料的体裁会更加全面，包含常见的各种文 体，题材会呈现多样化，更加丰富多彩，贴近生活和 社会话题，为学生所感兴趣；在题设方面会加大对考 生理解能力和推测能力的考查。 02 方法归纳 能力提升化 1.阅读全文，捕捉信息。阅读理解的主旨是要求 考生仔细阅读全文，掌握其大意，了解作者的观点和 写作意图，故事的起因、时间、地点以及结局。考生
4、必须在有限的时间内迅速抓住文章的要点，读懂全文。2.注意首句，抓住中心。俗话说“眼睛是心灵的 窗户” ，那么一篇文章的眼睛应是题目，而中考阅读是 不给文章题目的。这给考生快速了解全文的中心增加 了难度，在这种情况下，考生应特别注意首段和每一 自然段的首句以及结尾句。这样一来就抓住了中心， 为正确答题打下了良好的基础。 3.优选排除，确定答案。阅读理解题备选答案有 三个是干扰项。我们可先排除语法、词法上明显有错 误的选项，再排除与短文内容不符的选项，剩下的就 是应选答案了，在这个过程中要仔细鉴别，对比各选 项的区别。 4.复读全文，检查答案。考生应把短文中考查的 信息归纳一遍，再次阅读，检查答案
5、，看看是否前后 一致，是否符合逻辑推理，有错及时纠正。 03 整合集训 反馈层级化 记叙篇记叙篇 A(A(2014十堰)From my father I have learned a lot.And Im very thankful to him.I remember when I was a child my father always got up very early，quietly putting on his clothes and going off to work.To arrive in time to open his tiny store at 8:30，he needed
6、 to leave our apartment at 6:30.After all，he had to take a bus and then the subway.The last journey was a long walk through a neighborhood much of which was full of the smell of rubbish.I learned:It is very important to work.No excuse. When I was 12，I would，on some Saturdays，go to my fathers store t
7、o help out.After helping set up the outside clothing display，for the rest of the day，Id watch to make sure no one stole anything.When I noticed someone looking unusual or strange，I would look the person in the eye，smile and say， “May I help you?” Usually that worked，but sometimes，someone would run o
8、ff with something.The first time，I ran after the thief but my father shouted， “Martin，stop! There is no need to do that.” Its true that safety is more important than money. After 10 years of hard work，he saved up enough money to buy his first car，a cheap onehe wouldnt buy one until he could afford 2
9、to pay for it without borrowing money.I learned:Buy only what you can afford.Buying necessary food and clothing wont make us go in debt(债务).The unnecessary things wont give us happiness，which comes from achievement only. ( )1.What shop did the authors father own? A.A bookshop. B.A coffee shop. C.A c
10、lothing shop. D.A food shop. ( )2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A.The author ran after thieves many times. B.The author thanked his father a lot. C.The authors father worked very hard. D.The authors father made some money. ( )3.All the following are talked about in the
11、 passage EXCEPT _. A.the importance of working B.the good ways to keep healthy C.the safety comes before money D.that its bad to spend more than you make ( )4.According to the author，what usually makes people go in debt? A.To rent a house for the family. B.To send their children to school. C.To enjo
12、y something unnecessary. D.to buy enough food for the family. ( )5.What is the passage mainly about? A.How to live a happy life. B.What makes a person successful. C.The help the author got from his father. D.What the author learned from his father. B B(2014河南)Once there was a man traveling in a fara
13、way village.As he was passing the elephants，he suddenly stopped.He found that these huge elephants were being held by only a small rope tied to their front leg.No chains(锁链)，no cages.It was clear that the elephants could，at any time，break away from their ropes but for some reason，they did not.He saw
14、 a trainer nearby and asked why these animals just stood there and didnt try to get away.“Well， ”the trainer said， “when they are very young and much smaller we use the same size rope to tie them and，at that age，its enough to hold them.As they grow up，they still believe they can not break away.They
15、believe the rope can hold them，so they never try to break free.” How could it be?These animals could at any time break free from their ropes.But because they were always stuck right where they were，they believed they couldnt. Just like the elephants，how many of us go through life believing that we c
16、annot do something，just because we failed at it once before? _.We should never give up the struggle in life. ( )1.What did the writer see in the village? A.Chains. B.Elephants. C.Cages. D.Farmers. ( )2.Why do the elephants never try to break free from the ropes? A.Because they think they can not. B.Because they are too old to do it. C.Because they
