《高中英语从句综合讲解》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语从句综合讲解（6页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、 1【宾语从句宾语从句】在英语中，有简单句简单句(只含一个谓语动词)、并列句并列句(用连词连接，含不止一个谓语动词)和复合句复合句(含从句)。本节课我们复习复合句里面的宾语从句宾语从句。如：She knows that he will come back soon. Im afraid that I cant go to your party.1. 宾语从句的宾语从句的【引导词引导词】宾语从句的引导词分三种。(1) 如果从句是如果从句是陈述句陈述句，引导词用，引导词用 that.（that 在口语中常省略）主句：He says. 从句：He is tired of playing comput
2、er games. He says that he is tired of playing computer games. (2) 如果从句是如果从句是一般疑问句一般疑问句，引导词用，引导词用 if/whether，表示，表示“是否是否”。主句：I dont know 从句：Does Tom likes fish? I dont know if / whether Tom likes fish. 【注意注意】 whether 引导的从句常与引导的从句常与 or not 连用，而连用，而 if 不能；不能； 宾语从句宾语从句可简化为可简化为 whether to do 的搭配，而没有的搭配，而没
3、有 if to do 这种搭配这种搭配.如：Could you tell me whether I should finish my homework today or not? Could you tell me whether to finish my homework today? 【拓展拓展】if 有两个意思：有两个意思：1. 表示“是否是否”，引导的是宾语从句。动词的时态视情况而定时态视情况而定。 2. 表示“如果如果”，引导的是条件状语从句，时态用一般现在时一般现在时表示将来（遵循“主将从现主将从现”规则）。经典例题：-Do you know if Tom _(go) hiking
4、 with us ? -Im not sure. But if he _(go), I will take many photos with him . (3) 如果从句是如果从句是特殊疑问句特殊疑问句，直接用，直接用该疑问词该疑问词来引导。来引导。主句：Do you know 从句：what does he want to buy? Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？2. 宾语从句的宾语从句的【时态时态】(1) 当主句是当主句是一般现在时一般现在时，从句，从句根据情况根据情况使用任何时态使用任何时态如：She wants to know
5、 if I have finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？(2) 当主句是当主句是一般过去时一般过去时，从句应使用，从句应使用过去的某时态过去的某时态如：He said that she was singing. 他说她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished my homework. 她想知道我是否已经完成了作业。Did you know when he would come back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？【
6、注意注意】格言格言和和客观真理客观真理总是用总是用一般现在时一般现在时。如：She told me yesterday (that) the earth travels around the sun. 23. 宾语从句的宾语从句的【语序语序】 宾语从句要用宾语从句要用陈述语序陈述语序。(而不是疑问语气而不是疑问语气)如：Does he work hard? I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave? I dont know. I dont know when he left China. 【特殊情况特殊情况】W
7、hats wrong with? 作宾语从句作宾语从句不需变语序不需变语序Whats the matter with?如：Whats wrong with him? I dont know. I dont know whats wrong with him.4. 宾语从句的宾语从句的【否定转移否定转移】在英语里通常不会出现 “I think (that) he isnt right.” 而会把否定转移到主句中把否定转移到主句中 “I dont think (that) he is right.”5. 宾语从句的宾语从句的【虚拟语气虚拟语气】在含有假设、猜想、建议假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词(
8、如 advice, suggest, insist, require, request 等 )后，宾语从句要用“should + 动词原形动词原形”结构，should 常省略常省略。 如：I suggest that he (should) study harder. 【这就是为什么 study 用原形】【定语从句定语从句】一定义：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。二特点：1.先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词2. 关联词：1）引出定语从句，并作从句的一个成分。可作主语、宾语、定语、状语，作宾语可省略。2）关联词包括关系代词和关系副词。关联词位于先行词和定语从句之间。关系代词：th
9、at, which, who, whom, whose 代指先行词。关系副词：when, where, why 作时间状语。3基本结构：先行词+关联词+定语从句剩余部分四关系代词的用法：1. that 和 whichthat 指人或物，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。Which 指物，不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省略，主语不能。His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.注意：The room in which I live
10、 is very big. (在介词后面不能用 that)2.只能用 that 不能用 which 引导的定语从句：1) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，定语从句只能用 thatThis is the most interesting story (that) I have ever heard.32）先行词被序数词修饰时，定语从句只能用 thatThe children like the second lesson that is about “The Football Match”.3）先行词被 the only，the very 或 the same 等修饰，定语从句只能用 that 引导。
11、It is the only word (that) I know in the passage.Where is the very book (that) I bought just now?This is the (same) bicycle (that) I lost.4）先行词为 everything，something，anything，all，none，much，little，few 等不定代词时，定语从句只能用thatI want everything (that) I want.I am writing to tell you about something very stra
12、nge that happened to me last week.5)先行词被不定代词 all, any, no, every, little, much, many 修饰时，只能用 thatHere is all the money (that) I have.6)先行词是同时含有“人和物”的名词时，定语从句只能用 thatI can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see in the room.7)定语从句所修饰的词为 the one 时，定语从句用 that 引导Is it the one（that）you w
13、ant？8）为了避免重复，在疑问词 who 之后，用 that 引导定语从句Who is the girl that won the first place?3. who 和 whom who 指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。Whom 指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。Who is the teacher that Xiao Li is talking to?The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.=The doctor who/whom/that sh
14、e went to the United States with last month is very famous.五.关系副词的用法：1. when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语 I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. when=on which2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 This is the house where I lived two years ago.3.why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词只有表示原因的 reason 一词.We dont know the reason
15、why he was late for school.【状语从句状语从句】介词+关系代词=关系副词介词+关系代词（人只能用 whom,物只能用which）4状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。 以下是应当关于状语从句的几点注意：1.as if, as though两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反；有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。译作“仿佛似的；好像似的”。They completely ignore these facts as if (as though)they never exi
16、sted. He looks as if ( as though)he had been hit by lighting. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.2由 because 引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用 for 来代替。如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用 for。He is absent today, because / for he is ill.He must be ill, for he is absent today.3.though, although 引导的让步状语从句，后面的从句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet 可连用
