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1、汽车专业英语 Specialty English for Automobile,陈长梅,Body,Braking制动,Engine,Suspension 悬挂,Steering 转向,Power train动力系统,Electrical system,Chassis,Unit 1 Automotive Basics,Whats the main parts of an automobile?,Todays average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These
2、 parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。,现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。,1.1 Body,An automobile body is a sheet metal shell with windows, doors, a hood and a trunk deck built into it. It provide a protective cover
3、ing for the engine, passengers and cargo.,汽车车身由金属薄板外壳和窗户、车门、发动机罩、行李箱盖等组成。汽车车身为发动机、乘员和货物提供了保护。,Hood：发动机罩 bonnet 软帽 Trunk deck：行李箱盖 Trunk / boot：行李箱 靴子 Luggage：行李 baggage Cargo：货物 goods,The body is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, mod
4、erns appearance for the vehicle.,汽车车身的设计还应该保证乘员的安全舒适。车身的造型（款式）使得汽车看起来漂亮迷人、色彩斑斓、时尚前卫。,Three points seatbelt in a car,Five points harness in a racing car 铠甲 甲胄,Airbag,The utility or pick-up carries goods. Usually it has stronger chassis components and suspension than a sedan to support greater gross v
5、ehicle mass.,皮卡一般用来运载货物。为能承载更大的总质量，皮卡的底盘和悬架比轿车更结实。,utility / pick-up: 皮卡 Gross vehicle mass： 车辆总质量 Curb weight 汽车整备重量,Light vehicle vans can be based on common sedan designs or redesigns so that maximum cargo space is available.,轻型货车一般是基于普通轿车设计的，或是重新设计使可用载货空间最大化。,A van is a kind of vehicle used for
6、transporting goods or groups of people. It is usually a box-shaped vehicle on four wheels, about the same width and length as a large automobile, but taller and usually higher off the ground, also referred to as a light commercial vehicle or LCV. However, in North America, the term may be used to re
7、fer to any truck with a rigid cargo body fixed to the cab, even up to large sizes.,The body of commercial vehicles that transport goods are designed for that specific purpose. Tankers transport fluids, tippers carry earth or bulk grains, flatbeds and vans are used for general goods transport.,用于运输货物
8、的商用车车身必须满足具体要求，例如运输液体的油罐车、运输泥土或散装谷物的自卸车、运输一般货物的平板车或货车。,no sides or roof,Buses and coaches are usually 4-wheel rigid vehicles, but a large number of wheels and axles can be used. Sometimes articulated buses are used to increase capacity. Buses and coaches can be single-deck or double-deck. Buses are
9、commonly used in cities as commuter transports while coaches are more luxurious used for long distances.,客车和长途汽车一般有4个车轮，车架为整体式，也能配备更多的车轮和车桥。为了增加客车的载客量往往使用由铰链连接的客车。公共汽车和长途汽车有单层和双层两种。公共汽车一般用城市内公共交通，而长途汽车一般用于长距离的旅行。,single-deck bus单层巴士,double-decker双层公交车,Articulated bus通道式公交车,Coach长途客车,1.2 Engine,The e
10、ngine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines
11、are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train.,发动机 / 内燃机 / 汽油 （点燃式）/柴油（压燃式） /热力发动机/动力传动系,发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式）
12、，都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传递给动力传动系。,The way engine cylinders are arranged is called engine configuration. In-line engines have the cylinders in a line. The design creates a simply cast engine block. In vehicles applications, the number of cylinders is normally from 2 up to 6. Usually, th
13、e cylinders are vertical. As the number of the cylinders increase, the length of the block and crankshaft can become a problem. One way to avoid this is with a V configuration. The design makes the engines block and crankshaft shorter and more rigid.,发动机的布置即发动机气缸的排列方式。 发动机缸体按直线排列的即直列式，这种布置使得发动机缸体结构简
14、单。汽车发动机一般为26缸，通常气缸是垂直放置的，但气缸数量的增加会导致缸体和曲轴的长度过大，解决问题的措施之一就是采用V型布置，这种布置方式可以使发动机缸体和曲轴长度尺寸更短，从而大大增加刚度。,The four basic cylinder arrangements of a diesel or gas-burning engine are: cylinder-in-line; V-arrangement and Flat.,An engine located at the front can be mounted longitudinally and can drive either t
15、he front or the rear wheels. Rear engine vehicles have the engine mounted behind the rear wheels. The engine can be transverse or longitudinal and usually drive the rear wheels only.,前置发动机可以纵向布置，能够驱动前轮或后轮。后置发动机布置在后轮后侧，发动机即可纵向布置又可横向布置，一般只能驱动后轮。,Internal combustion engine: 内燃机、外燃机 Cylinder: 汽缸 圆柱体 Gas
16、oline/diesel：汽油 柴油 Ignition：点燃 ignite Shaft / Crankshaft: 轴 曲轴 Transmission 传送 装置 Configuration 配置 构造 Longitudinal： 纵向 Transverse：横向,车身 轿车 车厢 发动机罩 铰接式客车 皮卡 行李箱盖 造型、外形 货物 行李,body Sedan / saloon compartment Hood / bonnet Articulated bus Pick-up / utility Trunk deck / lid styling cargo Luggage / baggage,1.3 Chassis,Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels Steering system: controls the direction of movement Suspension system (running gear): absorbs the road shocks Braking system: slows down the vehicle,
