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1、1 教教 案案 周周 次次第第 周，第周，第 次课次课授课时间授课时间 授课章节授课章节 英汉翻译多媒体教程英汉翻译多媒体教程 第第 六六 编编 一词法翻译的基本方法一词法翻译的基本方法 一）增词译法一）增词译法 Amplification 本（章）节本（章）节 授课方式授课方式 课堂讲授（课堂讲授（） 实践课（实践课（ ）教学时数教学时数课时课时 本本 （章）（章） 节节 教教 学学 目目 标标 Teaching Objectives The objective of this lecture is to enable students: to understand the method o
2、f amplification. Thus, the students will apply it in translation. 授授 课课 要要 点点 教教 学学 重重 点点 和和 难难 点点 1)the types of amplification. 2) understanding the method of amplification through examples. 3)applying the method of amplification in practice. 思考题思考题 和和 作作 业业 Question: How will you understand the me
3、thod of amplification and use it? Homework: Translate the sentences into Chinese. 教学内容与组织安排教学内容与组织安排 2 英汉翻译多媒体教程英汉翻译多媒体教程 第第 六六 编编 一一 词法翻译的基本方法词法翻译的基本方法 一）增词译法一）增词译法 （二）减词译法（二）减词译法 一）一）增增 词词 译译 法法 Amplification Contents 目目录录 1 Generalization 2 Syntactic（句法的）（句法的）Consideration 2.1 Supplying the omitt
4、ed parts in answers to questions 2.2 Supplying the omitted verbs 2.3 Supplying the omitted parts in the clauses of comparison 2.4 Supplying the omitted parts in the implied（ （隐隐含的）含的）conditional clauses 3 Semantic（ （语义语义的）的）Consideration 3.1 Supplying verbs . 3.2 Supplying adjectives 3.3 Supplying a
5、dverbs 3.4 Supplying nouns 3.5 Supplying plural（复数的）（复数的）signs 3.6 Supplying mood auxiliaries（ （语语气助气助词词） ） 3.7 Supplying unit-terms 3.8 Supplying summarizing words 3.9 Supplying transitions（ （过过渡，渡，转变转变） ） 4 Rhetorical（修辞的）（修辞的）Consideration 5 Transformative（ （转换转换的）的）Consideration 5.1 At the lexic
6、al（ （词汇词汇的）的）level: 5.2 At the phrase level: 5.3 At the sentence level: 5.4 At the discourse（ （语语篇）篇）level: 1 Generalization Brevity（ （简洁简洁） ）is a main element of force in writing. Amplification seems a concept just opposite to that of omission. In reality, the two concepts are not contradictory to
7、each other. Since the two languages 9 differ much both in structure and in meaning and the necessary omission or amplification is unavoidable（不可避免的）（不可避免的）. We stress brevity only on condition that the sentence or discourse（ （语语篇）篇） is quite clear. And that does not mean to make our translation brie
8、f at the expense of correctness and clearness. While omission is to make the version brief and impressive, amplification is to make the version correct and clear, and therefore more expressive. Generally speaking, there are four considerations in amplification: 1) syntactic（句法的）（句法的）consideration; 2
9、) semantic（ （语义语义的）的）consideration; 3) rhetoric（修辞的）（修辞的）consideration 4) transformative（ （转换转换的）的）consideration. All these aim at making the Chinese version more accurate and clear, and hence more readable. 2 Syntactic（句法的）（句法的）Consideration As is known to all, there is a great difference between t
10、he syntactic structures of the two languages. In English there are many elliptical（省略的）（省略的） parts in the context which are very important to the Chinese readers. In translation,they should be supplied（ （补补足）足）. 2.1 Supplying the omitted parts in answers to questions Is this your book?Yes, it is. 这是
11、你的书吗？是我的。这是你的书吗？是我的。 Rebecca: What! Dont you love him? Amelia: Yes, of course, I do. 怎么你不爱他？怎么你不爱他？ 我当然爱他。我当然爱他。 2.2 Supplying the omitted verbs Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man. (F. Bacon) 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。 An eagle and a fox had long l
12、ived together as good neighbors; the eagle at the summit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it. 一只鹰和一只孤狸长期友好地住在一起，鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上，孤狸住在树下一个洞里。一只鹰和一只孤狸长期友好地住在一起，鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上，孤狸住在树下一个洞里。 Everything was on a larger scale for him, the highs were higher, the lows lower. 他总是喜欢夸大事实，高的说得更高，低的说得更低。他总
13、是喜欢夸大事实，高的说得更高，低的说得更低。 2.3 Supplying the omitted parts in the clauses of comparison The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她，就像服侍他们的女主人一样。仆人们愿意服侍她，就像服侍他们的女主人一样。 Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的
14、失败中吸取教训更好。 I can say to you, without any flattery, that the Chinese way of co-operations ismore inventive and fruitful than others. 我可以对你说我可以对你说我这样说没有任何奉承之意我这样说没有任何奉承之意中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色，更有中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色，更有 成果。成果。 Children receive better education in the nurseries than at home. 孩子们在托儿所所受的教育比在家
15、里受到的更好。孩子们在托儿所所受的教育比在家里受到的更好。 1 2.4 Supplying the omitted parts in the implied（ （隐隐含的）含的）conditional clauses We didnt admit it (escape) was impossible. To do so would have been to surrender one of our few hopes. 我们并不认为越狱是不可能的。如果认为不可能，那就等于我们仅存的一线希望也放弃了。我们并不认为越狱是不可能的。如果认为不可能，那就等于我们仅存的一线希望也放弃了。 In agre
16、eing to what was already the status quo, Kruschev would have had far more to gain than to lose. 假如赫鲁晓夫已同意维持现状，对他来说，就会得多失少。假如赫鲁晓夫已同意维持现状，对他来说，就会得多失少。 At the time of Kennedys assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would lead either to greatness or to disaster. 肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果肯尼迪再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功，就是闯大祸肯尼迪遇刺时，基辛格认为，如果肯尼迪再任一届总统的话，大概不是立大功，就是闯大祸 He could understand a passive opposition from Kennedy loyalists, but an open one would have dire consequence. 他了解到
