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1、经济理性 与 生态文明 Economy vs Ecology . a personal view,Lord Macartney Embassy to China 1793 by unknown artist from Arnold Toynbee “A study of History“,George Macartney (1737 1806) 1st Earl Macartney, British statesman colonial administrator and diplomat,乔治马戛尔尼 (1737 1806) 第一代马戛尔尼伯爵 英国政治家、外交家,减少贸易限制 ease r
2、estrictionson trade between Britain and China在北京设立使馆 permanent embassy in Beijing租借一个岛屿 possession of an island in Chusan for residence, storage and ship repair of British traders减少关税 reduce tariffsin Guangzhou,天朝物产丰盈，无所不有 原不籍外夷货物，以通有无特因天朝所产茶叶、瓷器、丝斤等 为西洋各国，及尔国必须之物是以加恩体恤，在澳门开设洋行 俾得日用有资，并沾余润今尔国使臣于定例外多
3、有陈乞 大乖仰体天朝加惠远人 抚育四夷之道清高宗实录卷一四三五,Chinese Soldier 1793 by William Alexander (1767 1816),The Middle Kingdom is in possession of abundant produces and is in want of nothing, hence she finds no need to trade with foreign states. In view of tea, porcelain, and silk produced by the Middle Kingdom being ind
4、ispensable requisites in western countries, yours inclusive, special privilege is granted to set up trading agencies in Macau, so that the daily needs of your people are met and the goodness is enjoyed by all. Your ambassador voiced many more pleas beyond set convention. It is a significant deviatio
5、n from the Tao virtue of this great Middle Kingdom to benefit peoples far apart and foster foreigners from four sides of the world.,陈丹青 Chen Danqing born 1953 退步集tu b ji Retrogressive Essays 2004,心理 景观,cognitive psychological landscapea vision of modernity心理景观、建筑景观 与 行政景观 on cognitive, architectural
6、 and administrative landscapes,“ 鸦片战争以来，几代人不惜代价为了一件事： 中国要转型，要 西化，要 强大。 Since the days of Opium Wars, generations of Chinese have been striving for the one thing at any cost Chinas transformation, its westernization and development.它的代价是：我们的文化线索从那时开始纷乱，断裂，我们的心理景观，开始一步步西方化。 The cost of doing so is our
7、 cultural thread continuation comes into disarray is compromised and broken; and, step by step, our cognitive landscape ideal of progress/development starts to be westernized ”陈丹青退步集 Chen Danqing Retrogressive Assays,Beiyang Fleet battleship Zhenyuan 鎮遠號,Coalbrookdale by Night, 1801, by Philipp Jako
8、b Loutherbourg the Younger,Cottonopolis (Manchester) 1840 engraving by Edward Goodall,思想 动物,the reasoning animalMan is a reasoning animal. Seneca the Younger Roman philosopher, statesman, dramatist, and humoristMan is a reasoning rather than a reasonable animal. Alexander Hamilton American politicia
9、n, statesman, journalist, lawyer, and soldier Man is the Reasoning Animal. Such is the claim. I think it is open to dispute. Indeed, my experiments have proven to me that he is the Unreasoning Animal. In truth, man is incurably foolish. Mark Twain Letters from the Earth: Uncensored Writings,Mensch t
10、racht, un Gott lacht Der Mensch denkt; Gott lenkt 人类一思考, 上帝就发笑,Abraham Harold Maslow 马斯洛 1908 1970 Motivation and Personality (动机与人格) 1954,生理需求,安全需求,社交需求,尊重需求,自我实现需求,Paul Thomas Mann 托马斯 曼 1875 1955 Buddenbrooks (布登勃洛克一家) 1901 Nobel Prize laureate 1929,布登勃洛克式动力 Buddenbrooks dynamics第一代人 BV1.0/BV2.0
11、艰苦创业, 积累财富第二代人 BV3.0 追求地位, 成为议员第三代人 BV3.5/BV4.0 陶醉艺术, 喜欢音乐,Walt Whitman Rostow 罗斯托 (1916 2003),经济成长 阶段论,传统社会阶段traditional society 过渡阶段 preconditions for take-off 起飞阶段take-off 向成熟推进阶段drive to maturity 高额群众消费阶段age of high mass consumption 追求质量阶段the search for quality,The Stages of Economic Growth: A N
12、on-Communist Manifesto, 1960 Politics and the Stages of Growth, 1971,Gro Harlem Brundtland 布伦特兰 Born 1939 Our Common Future 我们共同的未来 1987 Thomas Jefferson Medal in Architecture 托马斯 杰弗逊建筑奖 2008,“sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability
13、 of future generations to meet their own needs.”Our Common Future the Brundtland Report 1987 UN World Commission on Environment and Development,理性人 与 道德人 homo economicus & moral beings,利益 算计,cost-benefit analysis from a new perspective of sustainable development Man is a credulous animal, and must b
14、elieve something; in the absence of good grounds for belief, he will be satisfied with bad ones. Bertrand Russell Unpopular Essays (1888-1965)Knowledge itself is power. Francis Bacon (1561-1626)Where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge? Where is the knowledge we have lost in information T. S. El
15、iot The Rock (1888-1965)To no man will we sell, or deny, or delay, right or justice. Magna Carta clause 40 (1215),Adam Smith 亚当 斯密 1723 1790 Wealth of Nations 国富论 1776,理性而非道德的 经济人 假设 assumption of amoral & rational Homo economicus,Adam Smith 1723 1790Wealth of Nations 国富论 1776,The Theory of Moral Se
16、ntiments 道德情操论 1759,“ 每一个人 . 他所盘算的只是他自己的利益。在这种情况下 他受着一只 看不见的手 的引导, 去尽力达到一个并非他本意想要达到的目的。并不因为这不是出于本意, 就对社会有害。他追求自己的利益, 往往使他能比在真正出于本意的情况下更有效地促进社会的利益。every individual intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his
17、 intention. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it. ” 亚当 斯密国福论 第四书 第二章 关于对从外国进口国内可以制造之商品实行限制 Adam Smith, The Wealth of Nations, Book VI, Chapter II Of Restraints upon the Importation from foreign Countries of such Goods as can be produced at Home,
