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1、1,PRESENTATIONS BY THE PARTNER INSTITUTIONS OF THE JOINT SUMMIT WORKING GROUP JSWGINTER-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK(Promoting Human Prosperity: Progress, Challenges and Future Priorities),SUMMIT IMPLEMENTATION REVIEW GROUP (SIRG) OEA/Ser.E Third Regular Meeting of 2008 GRIC/O.3/Inf.3/08 September 18-1
2、9, 2008 18 September 2008 Bridgetown, Barbados Original: English (Hilton Barbados Hotel),2,Promoting Human Prosperity: Progress, Challenges and Future Priorities,Ian Ho-A-Shu, Social Development Specialist (HQ) Social Protection and Health Division Inter-American Development Bank,3,The Presentation,
3、Poverty trends in LAC. Key challenges and priority areas. Education and Health trends in LAC. Key challenges and priority areas Labor market trends in LAC. Key challenges and priority areas. Closing comments,4,Poverty rates and the number of poor people have declined dramatically worldwide,Number of
4、 Poor People(millions),0,200,400,600,800,1000,1200,1400,1600,1970,1980,1990,1998,2 US/day,1 US/day,Source: Sala-i-Martin, NBER Working Paper 8933,5,but not so in Latin America,6,Current poverty rates are not much lower than in 1980,7,This partly reflects low growth rates,8,and income concentration,3
5、0.6,31.8,34.5,40.8,44.7,44.1,49.5,52.8,54.6,57.6,58.0,58.6,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,Pakistan,Bangladesh,Poland,United States,China,Venezuela,Mexico,Argentina,Peru,Chile,Brazil,Colombia,Gini Coefficient, 2000 or latest year available,Source: World Bank (2006).,9,Non-income aspects of development have i
6、mproved slowly,10,but FPI in LAC may further impact poverty and human development,11,Strategic Priorities in Poverty reduction,Increase equity and coverage in Social Protection Systems (SPS) Increase effectiveness of SPS: reduce program fragmentation and duplications, reduce administrative costs, in
7、crease accountability. Continue efforts to mainstream monitoring, evaluation and in general the measurement of the effectiveness, impact and sustainability of social policies and programs. Promote demand of health, nutrition and education services through information and incentives. (Conditional Cas
8、h Transfer programs) In short: Strengthen Social Safety Nets, and in particular, Conditional Cash Transfer Programs in the Region.,12,Conditional Cash Transfer programs,13,Education Accomplishment: Access,Education systems through LAC have almost all primary age students attending schoolNet Enrollme
9、nt Rate for Primary Education,14,Education Challenges: Quality,Cognitive level of students lags behind that observed in countries at similar levels of income per capita PISA 2006 results on science and level of income,Argentina,Source: OECD PISA 2006,15,Education Challenges: Equity,Significant incom
10、e-related inequality in access, learning and overall educational resultsPrimary completion rates: Share of youths 15-24 years with a primary school degree,Source: Houselhold Surveys 2002-2006, SEDLAC,16,Education Priority Areas,Quality of Teachers,School to Work Transition,Readiness to Learn,IDB EDU
11、CATION,17,Health has had outstanding improvements,Life Expectancy*,55,62,71,0,10,20,30,40,50,60,70,80,1950s,1970-75,2000-05,* Averages,Source: UNDP (various years). Human Development Report.,18,and infant mortality is converging fast to OECD levels,Infant Mortality,(Per 1000 live births),0,20,40,60,
12、80,100,120,140,1970,1980,1990,2004,Source: UNDP (various years). Human Development Report.,19,Burden of disease by clusters of causes in LAC (2002),Infectious diseases, maternal and birth related causes, acute malnutrition Chronic diseases External Causes and Violence,nevertheless, new challenges em
13、erge,20,Strategic priorities in health,Supporting the establishment of national health priorities, linked with epidemiological profile and needs of the poor and excluded Strengthening the supervisory and regulatory role of the Health Ministries Separating financing and service delivery functions Imp
14、roving the effectiveness of the services through primary health care Regional initiatives: nutritional, epidemiological surveillance, prevention of HIV/AIDS in mobile populations, drugs management and procurement, national health accounts etc. Malnutrition: Chronic undernutrition affects 8.8 million
15、 children under 5, particularly in Central America and Andean countries,21,Labor markets in LAC in recent years show reason for cautious optimism,22,Unemployment, low wages, and employment instability are the main labor problems in Latin America.,Most important problem in your country,Discriminacin racial,Medio ambiente,Transporte,Problemas de vivienda,Trfico de drogas,Problemas de salud,Violaciones derechos humanoa,Consumo de drogas,Falta de oportunidades para jvenes,Inflacin,Baja calidad en la educacin,Terrorismo/ violencia poltica,
