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1、常见的修辞格翻译,一、比喻（figure of speech）,比喻无处不在，为各语言文化共有。比喻有四个要素：本体（tenor），喻体（vehicle），比喻词（comparative word）及相似点（point of resemblance）。这里主要谈谈明喻（simile）和暗喻（metaphor）的翻译。,英汉语明喻标记比较明显，一般需出现比喻词，汉语如像、如、仿佛、似等，英语如like，as，as if/though等。 英语的隐喻大致分三类：1.A is B；2.N1 of N2；3.只出现本体。All the worlds a stage, and all men and w
2、omen merely players. 整个世界是座舞台，男男女女，演员而已。,With this faith we will be able to hoe out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. 抱有这个信念，我们就能从绝望之山凿出希望之石。抱有这个信念，我们就能把我们这个民族中那些刺耳的噪音
3、变成一部歌颂手足之情的美妙交响曲。,She has a photographic memory for detail. 她对细节有照相机般的记忆力。 （把her memory比作camera，但喻体camera没有出现。）,汉语暗喻大致也有三种，1.判断结构“甲是乙”；2.本体和喻体同时出现，但无判断词；3.状语加中心词（偏正式的结构） 薛蟠也假说来上学，不过是“三天打渔，两天晒网”也不曾有一点儿进益。（红楼梦） Xue Pan had hastened to register himself as a pupil. His school-going was, needless to say,
4、 a pretence “One day to fish and two days to dry the net” as they say and had nothing to do with the advancement of learning. （杨宪益，戴乃迭）,潭西南而望，斗折蛇行，明灭可见。（柳宗元小石潭记） Viewed from the southwest, the pond sometimes zigzags like the shining Big Dipper and sometimes winds gloomily like a long creeping snake.
5、,她们一窝蜂地挤拢来，每人盛一碗，就四散地蹲伏或者站立在路上和门口吃。（夏衍包身工） They crowded strenuously around like a swarm of bees, each ladling out a bowl of meagre porridge, and then scattered, having their meal by crouching or standing at the pathway or the doorway.,比喻的翻译方法主要有：直译、直译加注、转换、意译等。明喻一般直译；暗喻中英汉语共有的“A是B”结构比较适合直译；带有文化内涵的习语
6、型比喻常直译加注；不适合直译的暗喻可考虑转换为明喻，或者改变喻体；放弃比喻修辞，翻译意义。,何等动人的一页一页！这是人类思维的花朵。（徐迟哥德巴赫猜想） What inspiring chapters! They are the flowers of the human brainwork.Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire. (William B. Yeats) 教育不是注满一桶水，而是点燃一把火。,“难道这也是个痴丫头，也像颦儿来葬花不成？”因又暗自笑道：“若真是葬花，可谓东施效颦了，不但不为
7、新奇，而且更为可厌。”（红楼梦） “Can this be another absurd maid coming to bury flowers like Daiyu?”he wondered in some amusement. “If so, shes Tun Shih imitating His Shih, which is not original but rather tiresome.” (Note: His Shih was a famous beauty in the ancient kingdom of Yue. Tung Shih was an ugly girl who
8、tried to imitate her ways.),New York was never mecca to me. And though I have lived there more than half my life, you wont find me wearing an “I love New York” T-shirt 纽约对于我来说绝不是麦加。虽然我已经在这里住了大半辈子，你却不会看到我穿上一件印有“我爱纽约”字样的T恤。 （麦加：位于沙特阿拉伯西部，伊斯兰教徒的朝圣地，后此专业名词普通化，意为“圣地”或“渴望之地”。）,一些人清醒，多数人被蒙蔽，少数是右翼骨干。（毛泽东选集）
9、 Among the members of these parties some keep their heads, many are deceived, and a small number make up the nucleus of the right wing.,Hold fast to dreams, For if dreams die, Life is a broken-winged bird That cannot fly. (Langston Hughes) 紧紧抓住梦想吧， 如果梦想死亡， 生命就像鸟儿折了翅膀， 再也不能飞翔。,The enemys Achilles hee
10、l was his harbour defense. 敌人的致命处在于其海港防御。,更多实例分析： 月光如流水一般，静静地泻在这一片叶子和花上。薄薄的青雾浮起在荷塘里。叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。 Like flowing streams, moonlight rushes down, silently clothing every leaf and flower. The lotus pond is cloaked in light mist. （Mist floats above the lotus pond.）The leaves and flowers are so
11、mewhat white now as though they had been bathed in milk. One will feel he is in a dream covered with thin gauze.,树缝里也漏着一两点灯光，没精打采的，是瞌睡人的眼。 Through the branches are also a couple of lamps, as listless as sleepy eyes. 他就像一只斗败的公鸡似的垂头丧气。 He was shaken and unnerved like a defeated fighting cock.,把这个赵寡妇在屏
12、风后急得像热锅上的蚂蚁一样。 All this made Zhao the widow behind the screen as frantic as an ant on a hot furnace. Marriage is a book of which the first chapter is written in poetry and remaining chapters in prose. 婚姻是一本书，第一章以诗写成，其余各章则以散文写成。,他清清楚楚地看见一条丁字街，横在他眼前。 He saw distinctly the cross-road ahead of him. Afte
13、r that long talk, Jim became the sun in her heart. 那次长谈之后，吉姆成了她心中的太阳。,三国演义中的一些例子： 玄德就马上执庶之手曰：“先生此去，天各一方，未知相会却在何日！”说罢，泪如雨下。 Xuande took Shan Fus hand. “Now we part,” Xuande said, “to go to different worlds. Who knows when we may meet again?” Xuandes tears fell like rain. (Moss Roberts),后曰：“旦夕如坐针毡，似此为
14、人，不如早亡！妾看宦官中之忠义可托者，莫如穆顺，当令寄此书。” “Day and night we sit on pins,” the Empress continued. “I prefer death to a life like this. Among our eunuchs Mu Shun is loyal and true. He could deliver the letter.”,张飞听了，瞋目大叱曰：“我哥哥是金枝玉叶，你是何等人，敢称我哥哥为贤弟！你来！我和你斗三百合！” The moment Zhang Fei heard this, his eyes widened an
15、d he shouted, “Our brother is a prince of the blood, a jade leaf on the golden branch. Who are you to call him young brother? Come out now and fight three hundred rounds with me. ”,权曰：“今听臣言，则西蜀有泰山之安，不听臣言，则主公有累卵之危矣。” Huang Quan replied: “Heed my words and our rule can be secure as Mountain Tai. Heed
16、them not and your own position will become as precarious as a pile of eggs. ”,曹操下令军中曰：“今刘备釜中之鱼，阱中之虎；若不就此时擒捉，如放鱼入海，纵虎归山矣。众将可努力向前。” Cao Cao instructed his men: “Liu Beis a fish in our pot, a tiger in our trap. If we dont take him, here and now, well be letting the fish back into the sea, setting the t
17、iger free in the hills. Press forward and spare no effort.”,二、拟人,拟人是将物当作人来描写的修辞手法，其本质上是一种隐喻。拟人大致分四种：以动物拟人、以植物拟人、以无生命的事物拟人以及以抽象概念拟人。,It is useless for the sheep to pass resolutions in favor of vegetarianism while the wolf remains of a different opinion. 当狼依然持有不同意见之时，群羊通过的赞成素食主义的决议案也是徒劳无功的。 老蝈蝈大约有什么心事，一大早就躲在树叶下唱，那调子显得深沉而悠远。 It seems that the old grasshopper takes something to heart, singing in the leaves of the tree in the early morning. The long long melody runs deep down into your heart.,
