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1、,预防奶牛热应激 饲养技术研讨会,上海奶业行业协会 杭州市奶业协会 美国达农威公司,2004年3月 杭州,热应激期间达农威益康XP的应用 Using Diamond V XP During Times of Heat Stress,Mark Kujawa 博士 美国达农威公司 Diamond V Mills,热应激的影响 Effects Of Heat Stress,降低干物质采食量 Reduced dry matter intake降低能量摄入量 Reduced energy intake减少产奶量 Reduced milk yield再配种困难 Poor rebreeding降低经济效益
2、Reduced profitability,对瘤胃的影响Rumen Effects,消化率Digestibility 微生物的数量Microbial Populations,瘤胃细菌Rumen Bacteria,发酵Fermentation,微生物蛋白Microbial Protein,净能Net Energy,干物质采食量DMI,食欲Appetite,繁殖Breeding,体况Body Condition,产奶量Milk Production,酵母培养物发酵Yeast Culture Fermentation,适口因子Palatability Factors,营养性代谢物Nutritiona
3、l Metabolites,奶牛Dairy Cattle (功能模型Functionality Model),酵母培养物对奶牛消化率和瘤胃功能的影响 Effects Of Yeast Culture On Digestibility And Rumen Function,试验目的Objective,采用尼龙袋法研究达农威益康XP对玉米青贮消化率的影响 To study the effect of Diamond V XP on corn silage digestibility in situ,将尼龙袋悬浮在娟姗牛的瘤胃中Dacron bags suspended in rumen of Je
4、rsey cows三种不同的玉米青贮样品Three different corn silage samples研究达农威益康XP和样品加工方法的影响Studied the effect of Diamond V XP and sample processing每头牛每天投喂56g达农威益康XP56 g Diamond V XP/cow/day,材料与方法Materials And Methods,达农威益康XP对玉米青贮瘤胃消化率的影响 Effect Of Diamond V XP On In Situ Corn Silage Digestibility,Yoon and Garrett. 1
5、998. World Anim. Prod. Vol 1:322-323.,达农威益康XP对瘤胃功能的影响 Effect Of Diamond V Yeast Culture On Rumen Function,试验目的Objective,测定达农威益康XP对瘤胃液相流通速度、稀释率和发酵的影响 To determine the effect of Diamond V Yeast Culture on rumen liquid flow and dilution rate and fermentation,材料与方法Materials And Methods,每个处理分配5头安装瘤胃瘘管的阉牛
6、Five ruminally cannulated steers assigned to each treatment 苜蓿干草和高粱基础日粮Alfalfa hay and grain sorghum based diet在14天试验期中的第13天给阉牛投服指示剂 Steers were dosed with markers on day 13 of the 14-day experimental period处理 Treatments 对照组 Control 达农威益康 Diamond V Yeast Culture (1.85%),瘤胃测定指标Ruminal Measurements,干物
7、质采食量Dry matter intake 液相体积Liquid volume, L 瘤胃液的数量amount of liquid in the rumen 液相流通速度Liquid flow rate, L/hr 每小时通过瘤胃的液体体积volume of liquid washing out of the rumen per hour 液相稀释率Liquid dilution rate, %/hr 每小时通过瘤胃的液体百分比proportion of liquid that washes out of the rumen/hr,酵母培养物对瘤胃消化动态学的影响 Effect Of Yeas
8、t Culture On Rumen Digestion Kinetics,Adams et al. 1981. J. Anim. Sci. 53:780.,*P.01,结论Conclusion,达农威益康可提高干物质采食量、液相稀释率和液相流通速度Diamond V Yeast Culture increased DMI, liquid dilution rate and liquid outflow rate缩短液相周转时间Liquid turnover time 9.7 hrs Control对照组 9.3 hrs Yeast Culture益康组,在热应激条件下提高干物质采食量是有益的
9、Increased DMI intake is beneficial under heat stress conditions提高液相稀释率意味着可提高水的摄入量和微生物产量Increased liquid dilution means increased water consumption and more microbial yield,提示Implications,目的Objective,研究达农威益康对瘤胃功能和养分消化的影响 To study the effect of Diamond V Yeast Culture on ruminal characteristics and nu
10、trient digestibility,材料与方法Materials And Methods,每个处理分配4头安装瘤胃瘘管的荷斯坦奶牛Four Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulas assigned each treatment苜蓿干草和压片大麦基础日粮Alfalfa hay and rolled barley-based diet铬-EDTA 和铬标记纤维作为瘤胃食糜标记物Cr-EDTA & Cr-mordanted fiber used as markers for ruminal digesta kinetics 试验处理Treatmen
11、ts 对照组 Control 达农威益康Diamond V Yeast Culture (1%),瘤胃测定指标Ruminal Measurements,液相体积Liquid volume, L 液相稀释率Liquid dilution rate, %/h 液相流通速度Liquid outflow rate, %/h 固相食糜流通率Particulate rate of passage, %/h 瘤胃细菌蛋白Ruminal bacteria VFA产量VFA production,达农威益康对瘤胃流通的影响 Effect Of Diamond V Yeast Culture On Ruminal
12、 Flow,Wiedmeier et al. 1987. J. Dairy Sci. 70:2063.,*P.05,Wiedmeier et al. 1987. J. Dairy Sci. 70:2063.,达农威益康对瘤胃细菌和VFA的影响 Effect Of Diamond V Yeast Culture On Ruminal Bacteria And VFA,小结Summary,达农威益康可提高干物质采食量Diamond V Yeast Culture increased dry matter intake 达农威益康可提高液相体积、流通速度、稀释率和缩短周转时间Diamond V Ye
13、ast Culture increased liquid volume, flow rate, dilution rate and decrease turnover time 提高液相稀释率导致提高微生物和VFA 产量Increased liquid dilution resulted in improved microbial yield and VFA production 缩短液相周转时间提高水摄入量热应激下非常重要Decreased liquid turnover enhances water consumption important under heat stress,达农威益康
14、提高瘤胃细菌 Diamond V Yeast Culture Increases Rumen Bacteria,Harrison et al. 1988. J. Dairy Sci.71:2967-2975. Wiedmeier et al. 1987. J. Dairy Sci. 70:2063-2068.,瘤胃细菌Rumen Bacteria (刺激生长Growth Stimulation),细菌总量Total Bacteria,纤维分解菌Cellulolytic Bacteria,+64%,+30%,+55%,+60%,P.05,P.05,体外试验乳酸利用菌的生长 In Vitro La
15、ctate Utilizer Growth,试验设计Experimental Design,纯培养生长 Pure Culture Growth 培养24小时 24 Hour Incubation 两种细菌Two Species of Bacteria 反刍月形单胞菌Selenomonas ruminantium 埃氏巨球形菌Megasphaera elsdenii,Calaway and Martin. 1997. University of Georgia.,细菌生长Bacterial Growth (乳酸利用菌Lactate Utilizers),Calaway and Martin. 1
16、997. University of Georgia.,乳酸利用菌的生长Growth of Lactate Utilizers 24小时浊度24 Hour Turbidity,反刍月形单胞菌 Selenomonas ruminantium,埃氏巨球形菌 Megasphaera elsdenii,体外试验纤维消化菌 In Vitro Fiber Digesting Bacteria,试验设计Experimental Design,纯培养 Pure Culture Growth 培养24小时 24 Hour Incubation 3种细菌 Three Species of Bacteria 产琥珀酸丝状杆菌Fibrobacter succinogenes 生黄瘤胃球菌Ruminococcus flavefaciens 白色瘤胃球菌Ruminococcus albus,Calaway and Martin. 1997. University of Georgia.,纤维分解菌Cellulolytic Bacteria (24小时生长24 Hour Growth),
