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1、Unit 5 First aid,Period Three Grammar & Writing,省略 一、省略的定义 省略是一种避免重复、保持句子简洁的语法现象。 凡是缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分，在一定语境中能够独立存在，意义明确，并且能发挥交际功能的句子就是省略句。 一般说来，只要不破坏语法结构或者引起歧义，能省略的就应省略。省略不仅使句子结构显得紧凑，而且也是分句和分句之间的承接纽带。,Grammar,二、省略的用法 1并列句中的省略 一般说来，在后一并列句中凡是与上文相同的成分通常都可省略。如： My room is on the fifth floor，and hers (is)
2、 on the eighth (floor)我的房间在五楼，而她的在八楼。 I came at eight but Henry (came) at nine. 我八点来的，但亨利是在九点来的。,2复合句中的省略 (1)定语从句 如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，这个关系代词可以省略。如： Here is the man (whom) youve been looking for. 这位就是你一直在找的人。 Hes the man (who/that) you can safely depend on. 他是你能放心信赖的人。 (2)状语从句 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且状语从句中含有be
3、动词时，省略状语从句中的主语和be动词。如：,When (the novel is) published，the novel will become one of the bestsellers of the year. 那本小说出版的时候就会成为当年的畅销书之一。 Although (he was) hardworking，he couldnt earn enough to support himself. 尽管努力工作，他的收入还是不够自己糊口。 (3)宾语从句 引导宾语从句的that一般情况下可以省略；that后面的宾语从句较长或在其他一些特殊的情况下，that不能省略。如： I hop
4、e (that) youll be fine soon. 我希望你尽快康复。,Now scientists warn that if not under control，the unseen energy waves，“electric smog”，may be hazardous to our health. 现在科学家警告说，这种肉眼看不到的能量波，即“电子烟尘”，如果不加以控制，可能会危害我们的健康。 (4)主句 有时整个主句都可省略，只剩下一个从句。这种省略现象通常出现在简短答语中。如： You all like the story? Yes，except that the concl
5、usion is too hasty. “你们都喜欢这个故事？” “是的，只是结尾太仓促。”,3虚拟语气中的省略 (1)虚拟条件句常省略if，而将were，had，should提前构成部分倒装。如： Had you come here yesterday，you would have met her. 如果你昨天来这儿的话，你就会见到她了。 (2)在一坚持(insist)，二命令(order，command)，三建议(suggest，propose，advise)，四要求(demand，require，request，ask)等后的宾语从句中，含这些词的派生词的其他主语从句、同位语从句、表语从
6、句，以及“It is strange/natural/necessary/important that”句型中常省略should。如：,We insisted that they (should)go with us. 我们坚决要求他们和我们一起走。 It is necessary that we (should)learn more words by heart.我们有必要多学习一些单词。 It is suggested that we (should)go to see the film. 有人建议我们去看这部电影。 4动词不定式的省略 (1)有些动词(词组)，如want，wish，exp
7、ect，hope，would like，try，forget等后面的不定式作宾语时，为了避免重复，可以省略动词只保留到to，但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有系动词be和助动词have，这些动词就要保留。如：,The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street，but his mother told him not to. 这个男孩想在街上骑自行车，可他的妈妈不同意。 (2)两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个带to，后面省去to；但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不可省略。如： His wish is to earn a lot of money
8、 and (to)buy his mother a big house. 他的愿望是赚很多钱给妈妈买所大房子。,(3)感官动词(词组)see，look at，hear，listen to，notice，watch等和使役动词make，let，have等的后面作宾补的不定式要省略to；但此类动词的被动语态中的to不可省略。如： I saw him enter the room just now. 刚才我看见他进了房间。 I didnt know who made him cry. 我不知道谁把他惹哭了。 (4)在某些句式中，如介词but前有动词do的任何形式，后面的不定式要省略to。如： I c
9、an do nothing but wait. 我能做的只有等待。,5介词的省略 (1)在英语中一些与动词、名词、形容词搭配的介词常被省略，而只保留后面的动名词。如： spend time/money (in)doing sth.；have difficulty/trouble (in)doing sth.；prevent/stop sb. (from)doing sth.。 She spends half an hour (in)doing some reading every day.她每天花半小时读书。 I have some trouble (in) learning English.
10、 我学英语有困难。,(2)表示时间的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，each，these，yesterday，every，tomorrow等词之前，一般可省略。如： We have a final exam (in) every term. 每学期我们举行一次期末考试。 6替代性省略 英语中，可以使用so，not或其他手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。如： Can I put my bike here? Youd better not. “我可以把自行车放在这儿吗？” “你最好不要。”,【活学活用】 . 改写下列句子，将其中省略的部分补全 1. Anything e
11、lse I can do for you, sir? _ 2. Have a smoke, Jim? _ 3. Tea or coffee, Mr Black? _,Is there anything else I can do for you, sir?,Will you have a smoke, Jim?,Would you like to have tea or coffee, Mr Black?,4. Lovely weather, isnt it? _ 5. Pity that I cant go swimming with you this afternoon. _ 6. Loo
12、ks like rain. Better take an umbrella with you. _,What lovely weather it is, isnt it?,It is a pity that I cant go swimming with you this afternoon.,It looks like rain. Youd better take an umbrella with you.,.句型转换(用省略结构) 1Someone has used my mobile phone，but I dont know who has used it. Someone has u
13、sed my mobile phone, _. 2John will go abroad to have a travel but his brother will not go abroad to have a travel. John will go abroad to have a travel_. 3It is well done. _.,but I dont know who,but his brother will not,Well done,8Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of th
14、e students havent done a first aid course. Only some of the students have done a first aid course but _. 9I had decided that I would not attend her birthday party unless I was invited. I had decided that I would not attend her birthday party unless _. 10They are scolded whenever they are late for sc
15、hool. They are scolded whenever _.,most havent,invited,late for school,. 将下列句中多余的部分删除，使句子更简练 1. Did you know anything about it? I didnt know anything about it until you told me.2. Have you finished your homework? I havent finished my homework yet. I have just finished half of it.,Did you know anything about it? Not until you told me.,
