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1、If in doubt, innovate 若质疑，则创新若质疑，则创新1) In 2010 a group of students at Aalto University, just outside Helsinki, embarked on the most constructive piece of student activism in the history of the genre. They had been converted to the power of entrepreneurialism during a visit to the Massachusetts Insti
2、tute of Technology. When they got home they organized a “summer of start-ups” to spread the word that Finlands future lay with new companies, not old giants. The summer of start-ups turned into a season of innovation.2010 年，位于赫尔辛基城郊的阿尔托大学（Aalto University）的一群学生，开始开始了历史流派流派上最 具建设性意义的学生激进运动。在访问麻省理工学院（
3、Massachusetts Institute of Technology）期间，他 们着迷于着迷于创业精神的力量，回国后，组织了一场“夏季创业”的活动来告诉世界，芬兰的未来在于在于新兴 企业，而非老旧巨头。 “夏季创业”变成了创新季。2) The Start-Up Saunaa business accelerator that is still run by young enthusiasts but now funded by government, business and academiaoccupies a dilapidated warehouse next to the uni
4、versity. It offers a wide range of services: working space, coaching for budding entrepreneurs, study trips to Silicon Valley and plenty of networking opportunities (including in the Saunas many saunas).“创业桑拿”是个企业加速组织，虽仍由年轻爱好者运营，但现在已经得到政府、企业和学术学术 界界的资助，并占据大学旁边一个破旧荒废的荒废的仓库。它提供广泛的服务：工作空间、初创业者辅导、到 硅谷游学
5、游学，以及大量社交社交机会（包括在“创业桑拿”的许多桑拿浴活动） 。3) The Sauna-masters have an understanding of entrepreneurship in advance of their years. They recognize that there is more to innovation than high tech: the Sauna also has design and knitting factories. They understand the importance of bridging the gap between eng
6、ineering and design. They realise that promoting entrepreneurship is a matter of changing culture as much as providing money. They look to Russia and the Baltic states as well as to Boston and San Francisco.“桑拿”大师们了解创业初期的企业家精神。他们承认高科技并非创新的全部内容：“桑拿”同时还把 设计与工厂连结；他们懂得连接设计和管理间差距的重要性；他们明白推动企业家精神与提供资金一 样，
7、是不断改变文化的事情；他们既指望得到俄罗斯与波罗的海诸国的帮助，也指望得到波士顿与旧 金山的支持。4) The student revolution was part of a wider reconsideration of the proper relationship between government and business.This had started in 2008, when the Finnish government shook up the universities(and created Aalto) in an attempt to spur innovatio
8、n. But it was speeded up by Nokias problems. Finland had become dangerously dependent on this one company: in 2000 Nokia accounted for 4% of the countrys GDP. The government wanted to make the mobile-phone giants decline as painless as possible and ensure that Finland would never again become so dep
9、endent on a single company.这次学生革命是政府与企业间恰当关系具有比较宽泛宽泛认识的一部分。这次革命于 2008 年开始，当 时的芬兰政府重组重组大学（并创建了阿尔托大学） ，借此试图激励创新，但却因诺基亚问题得到加速。芬 兰曾因过度依赖这一家公司而陷入险境：2000 年，诺基亚占了其国内生产总值的 4%。芬兰政府希望这 家手机巨头的衰落衰落尽可能不对经济造成影响，并确保他们永远不再如此依赖单一企业。5) The Finns created an innovation and technology agency, Tekes, with an annual budge
10、t of 600m and a staff of 360. They also established a venture-capital fund, Finnvera, to find early-stage companies and help them get established. The centrepiece of their innovation system is a collection of business accelerators, partly funded by the government and partly by private enterprise, th
11、at operate in every significant area of business and provide potential high-growth companies with advice and support from experienced business people and angel investors.芬兰人创立了一间创新科技机构“特克斯”（Tekes） ，其年预算达 6 亿欧元，并拥有 360 名员工。他们还成立了一项风险投资基金“芬维拉”（Finnvera） ，用以发现初创公司并帮助他们建立事业。他们创 新体系的核心是集企业加速器为一体，部分由政府资助，
12、部分由私营企业出资，使初创公司得以在各 个重要的商业领域运营，并为潜在高增长公司提供有经验的商人和天使投资者的建议和支持。6) As a result, Finland has become much more market-and-entrepreneur-friendly. It has produced an impressive number of start-ups, including 300 founded by former Nokia employees. Microtask outsources office work. Zen Robotics specialises i
13、n automating recycling. Valkee makes a device that lifts wintry dark moods by shooting bright light into the ear canal. The country has also acquired the paraphernalia of a tech cluster, such as a celebratory blog (Arctic Startup) and a valley-related name(Arctic Valley). The fashionable argument no
14、w is that Nokias decline is “the best thing that ever happened to this country”.因此，芬兰对市场和创业者变得更加友好，制造出大量令人印象深刻的印象深刻的创业企业，包括由前 诺基亚雇员创立的 300 家公司。 “微任务”（Microtask）把办公室工作外包外包；“禅机器人”（Zen Robotics） 专营专营自动回收业务；“瓦尔基”（Valkee）造出的设备往耳道射入强光，就能提升人在寒冬时的低落情绪。 这个国家同时得到大量技术集群大量技术集群，比如庆祝博客群（“北极启动”Arctic Startup）和以山谷相
15、关命名的群 （“北极谷”Arctic Valley） 。目前的时髦争论：诺基亚的衰退是否是“这个国家曾发生过的最好事件？” 7) The new Finland is particularly proud of its booming video-games industry, including successful companies such as Rovio Entertainment, the maker of Angry Birds and a leading supporter of the Start-Up. Sauna, and Supercell, the maker of
16、 Clash of Clans. Supercells employees are what you would expect: men with beards and ponytails who take time out from their computer screens to show off their collections of action figures.新芬兰对蓬勃发展的蓬勃发展的视频游戏业特别自豪，其中包括创造了“愤怒的小鸟”（Angry Birds）兼“创业 桑拿”的主要支持者“罗维奥娱乐”（Rovio Entertainment） ，以及“部落冲突”（Clash of Clans）的制造商 “超细胞”（Supercell）那样的成功企业。 “超细胞”的员工是那些你所期望的人：蓄胡子，扎马尾，会从 电脑屏幕中抽离出来，花时间来炫耀收集到的动作玩偶的人。8) Ilkaa Paananen, Supercells CEO, points out that Finland has
