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1、12017 届新课标高考英语阅读理解猜测词意（词义）解题策略 高考考情分析解读： 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解题中的一种常见的题型。词义猜测可以是对一个单词 的意义推断，也可以是对一个短语或一个句子的意义推断，既可以是生词生义，也可以是 熟词新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。通过对近年新课标全国卷分析统计来看， 词义猜测题一般有 12 题。考查相对比较稳定，但难度略有增加，需要在复杂的句式中 通过上下文综合分析才能得出答案。在在词义词义猜猜测题测题中，所考中，所考查查的的词词或短或短语语的意的意义义往往不停往往不停 留在字面上，要根据短文提供的留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语语境，通境，通过阅
2、读过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常上下文，根据已知的信息或常识识来推来推测测尚尚 不熟悉的不熟悉的词词或或词组词组的含的含义义。 。2016 年全国卷设问形式例子： (1)What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？(2016 年课标 全国卷) (2)What does the underline phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean？(2016 年课标全国卷) (3)What does the word “contributions” in the l
3、ast paragraph refer to？(2015 年课标全国卷)常见的命题形式有： The underlined word in the second paragraph means “_” Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph? The underlined word “_” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “_” What does the phrase “_”in Paragraph
4、 1 mean?本学案结构：单词或短语意思猜测题利用定义 definition 或同义解释利用构词法word-building利用语境和逻辑关系根据语法知识猜测根据常识 common sense 判 定重述举例反义（同义第一部分已讲）利用构词法word-building因果2代词指代猜测题目句子猜测句意题目附：典故谚语知识储备单词或短语意思猜测题该题型着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过 程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依 靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词 进行生义的猜
5、测或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替等。定义或者同义解释：定义或者同义解释：作者常常通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其在一些科普类、社科类及与 专业内容相关的文章中，定义解释作者所用词的准确含义。下定义时，作者通常使用信 号词，如 i.e., is, are, is/are called, mean, refer to, known as 等等。利用同义解释猜词 同义解释形式多样，有的利用下定义，有的利用 or，that is(to say)，in other words，namely 等引出后面的解释，有的利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句或同义词、 近义词等引出后面的解释。1).
6、Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 2).It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. 3). This was a very domesticated bird that needed help or it would not survive. A. Having been abandoned B. Having been used to home life C. Having been used to life in the wild D. H
7、aving been weak and hungry 4). He is a resolute man. Once he sets up a goal, he will not give it up easily. 5). She is bilingual. In other words, she speaks English and French equally well. 6). Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. 7). Th
8、e schools are reluctant to take time offeven teachers with tickets for the England-3Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. The underlined word “reluctant” may probably mean_. A. kind B. unwilling C. free D. careless同义词（近义词 ） 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思 相同或相近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个
9、词的意思，就能猜出另外 一个词的意思。并列关系(同义关系）提示词：and, also, as as, the same as 利用语境 及前后的提示来猜测词义 。例如. I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips- of those, 51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how lo
10、ng they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. 题目.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph1?A. provider B. delivery
11、man C. collector D. medical doctor9).Mr. White loves to talk , his wife is also as loquacious as him. 10).Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a pseudonym. 11).The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.12).If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, wri
12、te “No”. 13).Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 利用构词法猜词利用构词法猜词英语中有大量的单词是通过合成或加前后缀构成的，运用构词法判断生词的意义是一种 快速有效的解题方法。根据构词法猜测词义英语中的许多词汇，特别是不断出现的新词 大多是通过构词法生成的。因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。根据词根、前缀、后缀、复合、派生等猜测词义。 super- inter- mini- micro- -some
13、 anti- co-post- pre- -shippro- 表示表示“往前往前” progress prugres n./v. 进步 promote v.增进，促进，提高 pre- 提前，领先提前，领先 predict vt. 预测 prevent vt. 预防；妨碍 preview n./v. 预览；预习4prevent 记：预先 pre 走掉（-vent，似 went）是预防Timely repetition will prevent you from forgetting words. 及时重复才能预防忘记单词。 timely adv. 及时地 repetition n. 重复per
14、“每个，都，一直每个，都，一直” person n. 人 percent n. 百分比 persist v. 坚持 persuade psweidvt.说服，劝服 记：一直（per）碎碎（sua）念就 可以说服 re-表示表示“再次，重复，往回，再次，重复，往回， ” repeat n./v. 重复 rewrite v. 重写，改写 recall v.回想，记起；召回 recover v. 重新获得，恢复 report n./v 报告 表示表示“往上往上”的前缀的前缀 up-和和 in- “向下向下”的前缀的前缀 de grade n. 等级，级别，成绩 upgrade _ degrade _
15、 increase n./v 上升 增加 decrease n./v 减少，减小 in-除了表示除了表示“往上往上” ， 更重要的意思是“往里” 。 和它音近的 im-，en-，em-都是“往里”的含义 inside a.里面的 import vt. 进口 记：port 港口，进到（im-）港口来，叫进口 invite v. 邀请 ink n. 墨水 in-是“往里” ，那想想那想想“往外往外”怎么说？怎么说？ 往外 ex-，e- export v./n 出口 expand v. 扩张 exit v. 出口 eksit experience n. 经历，经验 vt.体会 explain v.解释 exhibit v. 展览 igzibit; eg-表示否定的前缀：表示否定的前缀：un- unfair,unhappy non-nonsmoker (常用在 n. ad
