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1、三、代词,考点一 人称代词 人称代词有主格和宾格之分,在句中作主语时用主格,作宾语或表语时用宾格。,语法精讲,Tom is a student.He works very hard. 汤姆是一名学生,他学习非常努力。 Please send her the parcel.请把包裹寄给她。 He has a dog to keep him company.他有一条狗陪伴他。,作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种 句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。 Tom,go and clean the yard. 汤姆,去打扫院子。 Why me? 为什么是我? 在比较状语从句中,th
2、an,as后用主格或宾格都可以。 He is taller than I/me.他比我高。,特别提示,考点二 物主代词,The students are doing their homework.学生们在做作业。 Your room is big while mine is small. 你的房间大,而我的房间小。,考点三 指示代词 指示代词包括this,that,these,those,such,same等。指示代词在句中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。 This is an interesting book.这是一本有趣的书。 Such was her opinion before mee
3、ting Alice.这就是她见到艾丽斯以前的看法。 考点四 相互代词 相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作表语。所有格是在其后加s,在句中作定语。 We have to help one another.我们得互相帮助。 They looked into each others eyes for a silent company.他们默默地对视了一会儿。,考点五 反身代词 反身代词包括oneself,himself,herself,itself,themselves,yourself,yourselves,myself,oursel
4、ves,可以在句中作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。 1.与动词构成词组:be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然;enjoy oneself 玩 得开心;come to oneself 恢复知觉,苏醒过来;help oneself to sth.为 自己取用某物;devote oneself to sth.致力于 2.与介词构成词组:by oneself 独自地;for oneself 亲自;by itself 自动 地;to oneself 独占,独用 考点六 疑问代词 疑问代词用于引导特殊疑问句,在句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语。who,whom,whose用于指人; which和wh
5、at可指人或物。,1.who通常作主语和表语,whom作宾语。在口语中,常用who代替whom,但如果 前面有介词,则仍需用whom。 Who is he?他是谁?(表语,问姓名) By whom was the book written? 这本书是谁写的?(介词宾语) 试比较: Who is he?他是谁?(问姓名或关系) What is he?他是干什么的?(问职业或地位) 2.what,which均可作主语、宾语或定语。 试比较: What sport do you like best?你最喜欢什么运动?(不定范围的选择) Which sport do you like better,f
6、ootball or volleyball?你更喜欢哪 项运动,足球还是排球?(确定范围的选择),3.whose可用作定语或表语。 Whose dictionary is this?这是谁的字典?(定语),考点七 不定代词 1.another,the other,other,others 的区别 (1)another “又一;再一;另一”,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。 This coat is too dark.Please show me another.这件外套颜色太深了,请给我 另拿一件。 (2)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指,常用
7、于 one.the other. He has two booksone is a textbook,and the other is a novel.他有两本 书一本是课本,另一本是小说。 (3)other作定语,表示“另外的,其他的”。 We study Chinese,maths,English and other lessons. 我们学习汉语、数学、英语和其他课程。 (4)others作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,相当于“other+复数名词”。 Some are singing and dancing,some are drawing,others are climbing
8、the hill.有的在唱歌跳舞,有的在画画,还有的在爬山。,2.it,one(s),the one(s),that,those的区别 (1)it意为“它”,特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物。 I cant find my umbrella.I dont know where I have put it.我 找不到我的伞了。我不知道把它放在哪儿了。 (2)one替代单数可数名词,表示泛指,相当于“a/ an+单数名词”,ones为其 复数形式。 the one替代前面的单数名词,表示特指,其后往往带定 语,the ones为其复数形式。 I havent a computer.I want to
9、 buy one next year. 我没有电脑,明年我想买一台。 I like this book better than the one I read last time. 比起上次我读的那本书,我更喜欢这一本。,one替代前面的名词,作其同位语,表示泛指。前面名词若是特指,要用 the one。 He is a kind student,one who always helps others. 他是一个好心的学生,一个总是帮助别人的学生。 He is the most excellent student,the one who wins the first prize. 他就是那个最优
10、秀的学生,那个赢得一等奖的学生。,特别提示,3.no one,nobody,none,nothing的区别 (1)no one,nobody表示“没有人;谁也不”,只指人,作主语时,谓 语动词用单数形式。常用来问答who引导的问句。 Charles was alone at home,with no one looking after him. 查尔斯一个人在家,没人照顾他。 (2)none“没人;没有任何东西”,既可指人,也可指物。none后可接of 短语,常用来回答how many/much引导的问句。 How many of you have seen the film? 你们中有多少人
11、看过这部电影? None (of us). 一个也没有。,(3)nothing意为“没有东西”,一般回答what提问的句子。 Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum. 我一生中没有什么像我第一次去故宫那样给我留下深刻印象了。 4.all,both,either,neither的区别 (1)all指所有的人或物,表示“(三者或三者以上)全部;都”。 They all agreed to the plan. 他们都同意这项计划。 They were all very tired
12、,but none of them would stop to take a rest. 他们都非常累,但是没有一个想停下来休息。 (2)both表示“两者都”。 You are both too young.你们两个都太小了。,(3)either表示“(两者中)任何一个”。 Either of the two stories is very interesting.这两个故事哪个都很 有趣。 (4)neither表示“(两者)都不”。 Because Henry and Mark had to work,neither of them came yesterday. 因为亨利和马克要工作,所
13、以昨天两人都没来。 考点八 it的用法 1.指代前面提到过的同一事物。 Your story is interesting,but I dont like it.你的故事很有趣,但是我 不喜欢。 Have you found your pen? 你找到你的钢笔了吗? No,I havent found it. 还没有。,2.当说话者不清楚或没必要知道说话对象的性别时,可用it来表示。 Its a lovely baby.Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱,是男孩还是女孩? 3.it指代天气、气候、温度、时间、地点、距离等。 It is six miles to the n
14、earest hospital from here. 这里离最近的医院有六英里。 4.it也常用来表示一般的笼统的情况。 How is it going with you?你近况如何? 5.it用作形式主语或形式宾语,而真正的主语或宾语放在后面,真正的主语或宾语往往 由动词不定式、动词-ing形式或从句充当。 Its very important to learn a foreign language. 学会一门外语很重要。 He didnt make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有 弄清楚何时何地举行会议。 In m
15、y opinion,its no use arguing with him. 依我看来,同他争论没用。,6.表示“喜欢、恨”等心理方面的动词后面接it,构成固定结构,这类动词 有 enjoy,prefer,love,like,hate,dislike,appreciate 等。 Id appreciate it if you could give me a hand. 如果你能帮我一把,我会很感激。,1.A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh,dear! Its (I).”(2014新课 标全国) 2.It helps develop your strength and
16、flexibility.Raise your leg and let stay in the air for seconds.(2014辽宁) 3.Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said was a wonderful holiday destination.(2014广东) 4.We can choose our friends,but usually we cannot choose our neighbors.However,to get a happy home life,we have to get along with as well as possible.(2014湖南) 5.An important quality in a neighbor is consideration for .(2014湖南),
