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1、1,Press Conference 新聞發佈會,2,Challenges of Population Ageing on Disease Trends and Burden Part III : Dementia 人口老化的挑戰 : 疾病趨勢與社會負擔研究系列 第三部份: 老年癡呆症,3,Dementia Prevalence Increases with Age 老年癡呆症患病率隨年齡上升,Fig. 1 Prevalence rate of dementia among community-dwelling Hong Kong population, by age group, 2005-
2、2006 圖一. 按年齡劃分的香港居於社區人口的老年癡呆症患病率, 2005-2006,Source: Elderly Commission, 2006,4,Subtype 老年癡呆症的種類,Dementia can be classified into Alzheimers disease, vascular dementia, and other causes老年癡呆症主要可分為阿爾茨海默症、血管性老年癡呆症及其他較罕見的致病原因About one-third of the dementia cases in Hong Kong are associated with underlying
3、 cardiovascular disease在香港，約三分之一的老年癡呆症個案是由心血管疾病引起的(Chiu et al., 1998),5,An Ageing Population 人口老化,The Hong Kong population is ageing香港正面對人口老化,Fig. 2 Number and proportion of people aged 65+ in Hong Kong, 1986-2036 圖二. 香港 65 歲或以上人口數目及佔總人口比例, 1986-2036,Sources: (1) Website of the Census and Statistics
4、 Department, Hong Kong. (2) Hong Kong Population Projections 2007-2036.,6,Impact of an Ageing Population 人口老化的影響,Informal caregivers are an integral part of care非正式的照顧者是照顧過程中不可缺少的一環The support ratio in the oldest group (population aged 50-74: population aged 85+) has been decreasing高齡長者支援比例（50-74歲人口
5、:85歲或以上人口）一直下降Implying each informal caregiver is caring for more older people顯示每名非正式的照顧者要照顧愈來愈多的長者(Robine et al., 2007; Chau et al., 2007),7,Impact of an Ageing Population (contd) 人口老化的影響（續）,Even if there is no increase in the rate of dementia, the number of people who have dementia will increase d
6、ue to more older people即使老年癡呆症患病率沒有上升，僅因人口老化，已可預期未來患老年癡呆症的長者會增加The decrease in number of caregivers and more people with dementia raises questions about how to maintain care 考慮到照顧者減少及老年癡呆症患者增加，必須解決如何提供照顧的問題,8,Burden of Disease 老年癡呆症造成的負擔,The costs of dealing with dementia include direct costs包括直接成本
7、medical (e.g. hospitalisation) 醫療開支（例如留院費用） long term care長期護理開支 and indirect costs 及間接成本 disability殘疾 premature mortality提早死亡 caregiver burden (psychological, physical and social)照顧者負擔(包括心理、生理及社交),9,CADENZA Project 流金頌計劃,“CADENZA: A Jockey Club Initiative for Seniors” conducted a study to 流金頌賽馬會長者計
8、劃新里程完成了一項研究，以 Examine the trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality & associated disabilities of dementia over the past decade in Hong Kong檢視最近十年香港的老年癡呆症發病率、患病率、死亡率及相關殘疾的趨勢 Project the burden of dementia 推算老年癡呆症帶來的負擔 Investigate the implications for health & social services探究以上各項趨勢對醫療及社會服務的意義,10,Fi
9、ndings 研究結果,11,Prevalence 疾病流行情況,An increasing trend in prevalence of dementia老年癡呆症個案正在上升In 2005-2006, about 1 in 3 (32%) of community-dwelling population aged 85+ had dementia在2005-2006年，約每三名年齡為85歲或以上的社區人口中，便有一人患老年癡呆症（患病率為 32%）(Chiu et al., 1998; Lam et al., 2008),12,Prevalence Rate 患病率,Sources: (1
10、) Chiu et al., 1998.(2) Elderly Commission, 2006.,Fig. 3 Prevalence rate of clinically-diagnosed dementia among people aged 70+ in Hong Kong, 1995 and 2005-2006 圖三. 香港 70 歲或以上人口經臨床診斷的老年癡呆症患病率, 1995年及2005-2006年度,13,Assuming no increase in prevalence rates, the number of people aged 60+ with dementia
11、will still increase from 0.11 million (2010) to 0.28 million (2036)假設老年癡呆症患病率不變，可推算60歲或以上老年癡呆症患者數目將由 2010 年的 11 萬增加至 2036年的 28 萬Since the prevalence rates do seem to increase, the above projection is just a conservative estimate and the number of people with dementia will probably increase even fast
12、er由於老年癡呆症患病率可能有上升的趨勢，以上的推算僅為保守估計，患者數目可能以更快的速度上升,Number of People with Dementia 老年癡呆症患者的數目,14,Number of People with Dementia (contd) 老年癡呆症患者的數目（續）,Fig. 4 Estimated number of people aged 60+ with dementia in Hong Kong, 2010 and 2036 圖四. 推算2010 年及2036 年香港六十歲或以上人口的老年癡呆症患者的數目,2.6 times2.6 倍,15,Incidence
13、新個案,A study in 1991-1992 found 2.6 new cases among 1,000 people aged 70+ in a year (self-reported data)一項 1991-1992 年的研究顯示每年每千名70歲或以上的人口中，便約有 2.6 個老年癡呆症新個案 (以自我報告計算)(Woo et al., unpublished data) There is not much information on the latest trends in new cases of dementia in Hong Kong 有關近年本港老年癡呆症新個案數
14、目趨勢的資料不多,16,Mortality 死亡,An overseas study showed people aged 55+ with dementia had 2.4 times higher risk of dying compared to those without一項海外研究顯示，55歲或以上的老年癡呆症患者的死亡風險比非患者 高 2.4 倍(Jagger et al., 2000),17,Mortality (contd) 死亡（續）,In Hong Kong, dementia is the 10th most common cause of mortality among
15、 those aged 65+在香港 65 歲或以上的人口中，老年癡呆症是第十號殺手In 2007, the death rate from dementia was 38 per 100,000 population aged 65+在 2007 年，每十萬名65歲或以上的人口中，便有約38人死於老年癡呆症The age-standardised mortality rate for dementia appears to have decreased in 2003 and remained stable afterwards老年癡呆症年齡標準化的死亡率在 2003 年下跌，此後一直保持平
16、穩(Department of Health, 2008),18,Mortality (contd) 死亡 （續）,Source: Vital Statistics, Department of Health,Fig. 5 Age-standardised* death rates for dementia (per 100,000) among population aged 65+ in Hong Kong, 2001-2007 圖五. 香港 65 歲或以上人口的老年癡呆症年齡標準化*死亡率（每十萬人）, 2001-2007,* The age-standardised death rates used the Hong Kong population as of mid-2007 as the standard年齡標準化死亡率以香港在 2007 年的年中人口為標準人口計算,19,Mortality (contd) 死亡 （續）,It should be noted that many people would have been recorded as dying from another cause which was itself a complication of dementia要注意的是即使被記錄的死亡原因並非老年癡呆症，該死者也可能死於由老年癡呆症引起的併發症,
