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1、第二章 词 类,第二节 冠 词,知识梳理,一、冠词的概念冠词是一种虚词，本身没有词义，也不能单独使用，要用在名词或形容词的前面。 二、冠词的分类,三、冠词的用法1. 不定冠词的用法(1)与数词one同源，表示“一个”，泛指某人或某物，但语气不如one 强烈。如：There is a lamp on the desk. (2)代表一类人或物。如：A driver is the one who drives. An elephant is the biggest animal on the land.,(3)不定冠词a和an的选用 大部分单数可数名词前用a。如：a bag， a computer
2、以元音字母a，e，i，o开头的单数可数名词，通常在其前面用an。 如：an apple， an egg， an ice-cream， an orange 以元音字母u 开头的单词，有两种情况：a. 当该字母的发音是元音/ /时，前面用an。如：an umbrella， an uncleb. 当该字母的发音是辅音/ju /时，前面用a。如：a university student， a unit 有的单词不是以元音字母开头，但是其第一个音素是元音音素的，也要用an。 如：an hour， an FM radio 【注】判断一个单词是否以元音开头，要根据单词音标的第一个因素。,2. 定冠词的用法定
3、冠词the在句中或是文中可理解为“this”或“that”， 在复数句子中理解为 “these” 或“those”。有“这(那)个(些)”的意思，但语气较弱，要和名词连用来表示某个或某些特定的人或物。(1)特指双方都明白的人或物。如：Look at the picture on the wall. (2)指上文已提到过的人或物。如：There is a boy at table. The boys name is Mike. (3)指世上独一无二的事物。如：the sun， the moon， the earth， the sky(4)与单数名词连用表示一类事物。如：the dollar， t
4、he fox,(5)与复数名词连用，指整个群体。如：They are the students of Class One. 他们是一班的学生。(指全体学生) They are students of Class One. 他们是一班的学生。(指部分学生)(6)与形容词连用，表示一类人。如：the rich， the poor(7)用在序数词或形容词最高级前。如：on the second floor，the 12th birthday party，the tallest boy，the shortest player (8)用在某些由普通名词构成的组织、机构等专有名词前。如：the Peopl
5、es Republic of China， the United States of America,(9)用在表示乐器的名词之前。如：play the piano， play the violin， play the pipa(10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人。如：the Greens， the Wangs (11)用在惯用语中。如：in the day， in the morning， the day after tomorrow 3. 零冠词的用法(1)国名、人名前通常不用定冠词。如：China is a great country. Bingo is his name. (2)
6、在季节、月份、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不用冠词。如：Spring is the first season of the year. Sunday is the first day of the week.,(3)在三餐之前，不用冠词。如：have breakfast， have lunch， have dinner / supper(4)抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不用冠词。如：Failure is the mother of success.(5)在球类名词之前，不用冠词。如：play basketball， play football， play badminton(6)在学科、语
7、言名词之前， 不用冠词。如： have Chinese class， speak English (7)当by与交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，名词之前不用冠词。如：by bus， by train(8)当名词前面有this， that， my， his， every， some，名词所有格等修饰词时，不用冠词。如：This is my schoolbag.Amys doll is pink.,(9)有些个体名词，如：school， hospital等，当它们直接置于介词后时，表示该名词的深层含义；若名词前加定冠词the，则表示一般含义。如：,考点精析,考点 考查冠词的用法 【例1】用a，an，
8、 the 或 / 填空。 1. She has apple and pear. 2. I can speak Chinese and English well. 3. Mike can play guitar and play football. 4. After I had quick breakfast， I hurried to school.,解析：此类题考查冠词在句子中的使用。要注意掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的不同用法。 第1小题关键看apple 和pear 两个单词的第一个字母的发音是元音还是辅音；第2小题语言名词前用零冠词；第3小题乐器名词前用定冠词，球类名词前用零冠词；第4小
9、题注意三餐名称前若有形容词，则可在形容词前加不定冠词 a。 答案：1. an；a 2. /；/ 3. the；/ 4. a,举一反三1. 用 a 或 an 填空。 (1) eye (2) ear (3) mouth (4) old man (5) honest boy (6) useful book2. 用正确的冠词填空。(1)We study 8 hours day. (2)He is tallest student in our class. (3)I had breakfast at 7：00 this morning. (4)I often have big dinner on my
10、birthday.,an,a,an,an,an,a,a,the,a,/,【例2】单项填空。 ( )Mr Black will go to Beijing . A. by air B. by a plane C. take a plane解析：本题考查冠词的使用和短语的固定搭配。by 与交通工具连用时，用零冠词，B选项本身有错，不可选；take a plane 本身没有错，但是动词短语用在句子此处不合适。by air 与by plane， by airplane， by aeroplane 同义，均意为“乘飞机”。答案：A,举一反三3. 在下列句子中的横线处填上适当的冠词或/。(1) Lets
11、go out for walk. (2) Did you have big dinner last night？ (3) Washington is capital of USA.4. 单项填空。 ( ) woman over there is popular teacher in our school. A. A； the B. The； a C. The； the,the,a,a,B,过关检测,一、用不定冠词a或an 填空。1. _ egg 2. _ boy3. _ student 4. _ umbrella5. _ university 6. _ hour7. _ old house 8
12、. _ young man9. _ English book 二、用a，an，the或 / 填空,补全句子。1. I have _English book. _ book is very interesting. 2. That is _ orange. Its _ big orange.,an,a,a,an,a,an,an,an,an,The,an,a,a,3. Today is _ Sunday. Its _ first day of a week. 4. _ sun is much bigger than _ moon. 5. Beijing is the capital(首都) of
13、_ China. 6. The sun comes out in _ morning and sets down in _ evening.7. What _ interesting film it is!I like _ film very much. 8. Lets go for _ walk, shall we? 9. Which is _ biggest, _ sun, _ moon, or _ earth?10. I have two dogs. _ black one is young and _ yellow one is old.,/,the,The,the,/,the,the
14、,an,a,the,the,the,the,The,the,the,三、单项填空。( )1. Chen Jie is Chinese girl. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )2. Mike is from America.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )3. This is useful book.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )4. He is artist. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )5. This is my pet dog.A. a B. an C. the D. /,A,D,A,B,D,( )6. An
15、n likes playing piano very much.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )7. Mrs Black often goes to school to see her son John.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )8. This is map of world. A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a ( ) 9. Our classroom is on second floor. Lets go to classroom.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a ( )10. Tokyo is capital of Japan.A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; /,
