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1、说明文,技巧点拨 高考中，说明文常见的话题有：产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。 1.时态常用一般现在时，当然若是介绍其历史时，要用一般过去时；语态可能用到被动语态；若是介绍地点、环境等，要善于运用there be结构。 2.人称;用第二人称或第三人称,对比类写作是说明文的一种. 常用时态:用一般现在时,一般过去时 和现在完成时,被动语态也较常用. 2.两种方式:集中比较或对比;逐点比较或对比 常用的关联词:compared with, be different from, on one hand, on the other hand, on the contrar
2、y, used to dobut now, In the same way, similary , no longer, in the past, opinions are divided on sth, everything has two sides等,作文步骤: 1. 点题概括. 用一二句话将主题概括性的导出. 2.具体对比阐述. 古今对比的写作要注意突出过去与现在的差异,同时注意对比关联词的使用. 3.正反观点对比的写作要注意客观介绍两方观点.,练习:人们对学生网上交朋友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇学生网上交朋友的短文，介绍人们不同的看法，并表达自己的观点。, ,Should stud
3、ents make friends online? Some people say yes and they think the Internet helps make many friends. By chatting online, students can express their feelings and opinions more freely,and even get help with their foreign language studies. Others, however, believe students should not make friends online,
4、 saying making friends online is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningful on study. Besides, some students get cheated online. Personally, students should place study, health and safety before other things and as for friendship, we can readily find it among our classmates and other peo
5、ple around us.,高考英语基础写作 复习系列,图表类说明文,一是以表格形式,将统计的数据或被说明的事物直接用表格形式体现出来,即统计表（table） 。,矩形的竖行和横行进行排列的表格,图表类说明文的类型,表示两组数的关系-通常为函数关系图,二是以图形形式A 表示数据变化的曲线图（ graph ）;,B 表示数据的大小或数量之间的差异的柱状图（ bar chart / graph ）;,C 表示总体内部结构变化的扇形图（ pie chart ）,3. Part 1: General idea (conclusion/ tendency) (图表反映的问题或总体趋势) Part 2:
6、 Facts: (to support the idea) (具体数据或事实) Part 3: Reasons (原因分析) Part 4: Solutions/suggestions (解决问题的办法或建议) 在写作时, 不一定包括这四个部分, 应根据写作要求或具体情况而定。,具体写作步骤：,第一步(part1)：,开门见山地点明本图表所反映的主题, 即conclusion.,常使用的词汇有:,（图表/数据）：,table, chart, graph，figure（数据） ；,动词：,describe， tell, show, represent ,、常用句式 开头常用套语 . From t
7、he graph/table/ chart above, it tells that/we can see that . 从上表我们可以看出 As can be seen from the graph,.,第二步：分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（在描写数据间变化及总趋势特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。注意层次。 即 facts and reasons(part2 and part3),增长/减少的表达:,表示上升的动词:,rise，increase，go up , ；,表示上升的名词:,rise，increase, ;,表示下降的动词:,fall，decrea
8、se，drop，go down, decline ;,表示下降的名词:,fall，decline，decrease，drop, ；,表示平稳:,remain steady/unchange,其它: account for 30% of the total占总量的30%, at the same rate以相同的速率, average平均的, annual每年的, the figure数字, number数字, amount数量，percentage百分比,4. 叙述数据时要避免过多重复使用百分比，可以用约数、倍数等来表达。强调“少”可用only (只有)等, 强调“多”可用as many/mu
9、ch as (多达)。,常用句子 1.There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall/drop in 2.The rate dropped slightly from 38%into 31%in 3 . It shows a 20% rise/reduction in traffic accidents compared with last year. 4. The population increased by 10% in 1999.,倍数的表达:,five times as many as,four,more,7.The number of is that
10、 of. =The number in 1999 is times than in 2000(比多倍),第三步：阐明原因 原因分析的常用套语(Reasons) 1 There are two reasons that account for this phenomenon/problem. 2 A number of factors could account for (lead to /result in) the change /increase,3 The reason for this is that ., 的原因是,常用表达：1 In summary, it is important
11、 to 2We can draw the conclusion that. 3 we can predict that4There is no doubt that 5 I suggest that 6 In my opinion , .,第四步：,归纳总结或发表评论。(part4),句型模板 1 From the graph/ figure table above, we can see that great changes in car ownership have taken place in China in the past ten years.（图表得出结论）1句 2 The nu
12、mber of cars increased slightly from 31%in 1998 to 38% in2000. （图表反映数据） 3 There are two reasons that account for this phenomenon. （原因） 4 In my opinion , .（观点）1句,- 07年高考基础写作,写作内容 根据以上数据,写一篇短文,包括以下内容: 1.调查时间,调查问题,以及调查对象; 2.男女生在以明星为偶像方面的差异; 3.”父母”在男女生偶像中的排序差异; 4.男女生在以伟人为偶像方面的异同; 5.你的偶像及理由。,范文剖析,1._ Las
13、t week，we did a survey among 2，600 students on “Who is your idol”. 2._ The survey shows that half of the girls choose film and TV stars as idols，while 48% of the boys favor sports stars. 3._ As the data shows， “parents” rank the second for the girls， but the fourth for the boys. 4._ However， the per
14、centage of the boys choosing “great figures” is the same as that of the girls. 5._ As for myself， Thomas Edison is my idol， because his inventions have greatly changed our life.,范文剖析,Conclusion,Fact,Your opinion,Fact,Fact,b.数据的表达?,a. Conclusion/fact/reason/your opinion?,：,下图是我国近10年私人汽车拥有情况,反映了人们生活水平
15、的变化. 写作内容请根据以上数据,写一篇短文，包括以下内容:1. 近10年我国私人汽车拥有量增加了5倍多;2. 增加的理由是：经济增长快；节约时间。3. 你对此现象的看法。,写作要求1. 只能使用5个句子表达全部内容;2. 标题 :Car Ownership in China。,实践演练,99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09,99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09,99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09,99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09,99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09,99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09,第三人称,现在完成时& 一般现在时,1.Conclusion 2.Facts and reasons 3.Your own opinion/suggestions,1. 近10年我国私人汽车拥有量发生了巨变； 2. 2009年私人汽车拥有量比1999年增加了5倍多; 3. 理由1：经济增长快; 4. 理由2：节约时间; 5. 你对此现象的看法。,时态:,人称:,要点:,
