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1、动词的时态,初高中衔接语法,Humourous Moments,The Father and His Son Father: You know, Tom, when Lincoln _(be) your age, he _(be) a very good pupil. In fact, he _(be) the best pupil in his class. Tom: Yes, Father. I _ (know) that. But when he _(be) your age, he_ (be) President of the United States.,was,was,was,wa
2、s,was,know,初中，基本用法 高中，更系统,高中,高中,英语中的十六种时态,考纲要求掌握10种： 1.一般现在时2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.一般过去将来时 5.现在进行时 6.过去进行时 7.将来进行时 8.过去将来进行时,9.现在完成时 10.过去完成时 11.将来完成时 12.过去将来完成时13.现在完成进行时 14.过去完成进行时 15.将来完成进行时 16.过去将来完成进行时,一般时的基本用法,I leave home for school at 7 every morning. The earth moves around the sun. It is time yo
3、u went to bed.,一般时的基本用法,Which paragraph shall I read first? What are you going to do tomorrow？ We are to discuss the report next Saturday.,D)表示按规定、计划及安排要发生的情况. (一般用于be, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等动词中，常与时间状语连用) The meeting is at 2:00 p.m. 下午两天开会 The plane takes off at ten. E）在条件、时间
4、、让步状语从句中， 如果主句是将来时或主句是祈使句，从句中要用一般现在时,代替将来时。 Ill not go unless Im invited. Tell him the news as soon as he comes.,(1)The geography teacher told us the earth moved around the sun. 改错(movedmoves) (2) We always care for each other and help each other. ) The shop will close at 11：00 pm. 改错(will closeclos
5、es),3 一般过去时 1.结构: did/was/were A)表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态.(常与表示过去时间的时间状语连用（yesterday, last night) B)表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。（常和often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用） We often played badminton together when we were children我们小时候常在一起 打羽毛球。 (表过去习惯性的动词，也可用would/ used to do 句型） . 他过去常乘公共汽车去上班。 He used to/ would go to work by bu
6、s.,5. 一般将来时 表示将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况,常和表示将来的时间状语连用 基本结构 :will/shall +动词原形,I shall graduate next year. You wont succeed without their support.,其他将来时的表达方式：,1）be going to do 表示打算、计划、决定要做的事; “有迹象表明或预示着将发生 Look at the dark clouds; its going to rain.看那乌云，快要下雨了。2)be about to do 表示眼下马上就要发生的动作 He is about to leave
7、for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。,3) be +to do 表示计划中约定的必须将发生的行为； 按职责义务必须去做的事情/要发生的动作 Youre to deliver these flowers before 10. 你在10点钟之前把这些花送去。4)be+doing 主要用于go, come, leave, start等表示去向的短暂性动词。如： Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。,You _ your papers by 10 oclock.到10点你得交上试卷。 Look at the dark clouds.It_ 看那乌云，快要下雨了。 . 小男孩就
8、要摔倒了。The little boy _fall over.我们马上出发。 We_ to start off.,are to hand in,is going to rain,is going to,are about,在“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”句型中，陈述句中只能用will或情态动词加动词原形。如：Work hard, and you will pass the exam. 努力学习，你就会通过考试。 1._ straight on and youll see a church You wont miss it （2004年湖北卷） A Go B Going C If you go
9、 D When going,进行时的基本用法,结构: be (am, are, is)+ doing 用法: A表示说话时正在进行的动作 Someones knocking at the door. B. 表示现阶段内正在进行的动作,但说话时动作未必正在进行。 He is teaching at a night school.,1.现在进行时,C. 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的动 (用现在进行时表示将来) Hes arriving tomorrow morning. D.现在进行时与always, continually , constantly, never 等频度副词连用，连用，表达
10、厌烦、愤怒、抱怨、赞扬等情感。 你总是忘记这些重要的事情。（表责怪,不满） You are always forgetting the important things. 他总是学习很用功。（表赞赏） He is always working hard.,三、对现在进行时的考查 由上下文语境表示时间。Because the shop _, all the T-shirts are sold at half price. has closed down closed down C. is closing down D. had closed down,2.过去进行时 结构：was/ were +
11、 doing 用法： A.表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作.通常有时间状语 例：Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago. B. 在含有时间状语从句的复合句中，延续时间较长的动作要用过去进行时，而另一个动作用一般过去时。 我进屋的时候，她正坐在书桌前面。 When I entered the room, she was sitting at her desk.,你敲前门时，我正在洗头发。 I was washing my hair when you knocked at the front door. C.瞬间动词come，go，leave
12、，reach，return，start，arrive，die等的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。 （用过去进行时，来代替过去将来时 ） He said the train was leaving at six the next morning.,- Nancy is not coming tonight.- But she _! (98 N)A. promises B. promised C. will promise D. had promised B,完成时的基本用法,7.现在完成时 结构: have (has) +过去分词 现在完成时表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在的动作或
13、状态,可能刚刚结束也有可能继续进行下去，甚至延续到将来，并对现在造成一定的影响或结果。 常与下边这些时间状语连用： 如:so far, up to now, recently, in the past ten years, since+时间点, for+一段时间，just ,already, yet, 等等.,在下列句型中要用现在完成时: This/ It is the first/second time + that 从句(完成时) 这是我第二次来北京了。2.This (that / It)is the +形容词最高级 . that 从句 这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the be
14、st film that Ive (ever) seen. 3.It has been+ 一段时间 + since从句 （ 主句部分要用现在完成时，从句后面，既since后要用一般过去时 ）他参军以来已经有两年了. It has been two years since he joined the army,This is the second time that I have come to Beijing.,典型例题：,1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met
15、 D. meet,答案B ；首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。,2. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.- Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be,答案A ； 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。,8.过去完成时 结构：had + done 表示动作在过去某一动作之前已经完成。 既 过去的过去。 常与时间状语by the end of +过去时间点，before+过去时间/过去动作, by+过去时间，until then 等连用eg. They had got everything ready before I came.到那时为止，我们已有六个月没有他的消息了 。 Until then, we _for six months. hadnt heard from him,过去完成时，经常以“过去”为背景，要想表达比这一背景更早的动作，即“过去的过去”，常用此时态。Eg. When we got to the theatre, they had sold all the tickets. What a pity!,
