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1、高光谱遥感物理基础、处理方法与应用,1. 高光谱遥感的概念 2. 高光谱遥感物理基础 3.高光谱成像光谱仪概览 4. 高光谱图象预处理 5. 高光谱遥感处理方法与应用,1. 高光谱遥感的概念,Quantitative measurements of the spectral characteristics of materials using a remote sensing system having greater than 60 spectral bands with a spectral resolution less than 10 nm producing a continuous
2、 portion of the light spectrum which defines the chemical composition of the material through its spectral signature.,What is Hyperspectral Sensing?,Ultraspectral,Broadband,Hyperspectral,Multispectral,Spectral Sensing,2. 高光谱遥感的物理基础,电磁波的波粒二象性：电磁波在传播过程中，主要表现为波动性；在与物质相互作用时，主要表现为粒子性波动性：电磁波以波动的形式在空间传播-波动
3、性 粒子性：电磁波由密集的光子微粒组成，电磁辐射实质是光子微粒的有规律的运动。电磁波的粒子性，使得电磁辐射的能量具有统计性,物质的内部状态和电磁能量的关系：,Photons traveling through the Earths atmosphere strike the surface and are either absorbed, transmitted, scattered and/or reflectedVarious materials absorb photons over specific wavelength intervals resulting in absorptio
4、n features in reflectance spectraThe location and shape of these unique absorption features provide information on the chemical composition of materials,Scientific Principles,E = hf E = E2 E1 = Energy of photon in joules (J). f = Frequency of the photon in hertz. h = Plancks constant = 6.625 1034 jo
5、ule-seconds Wavelength = c/f = hc/E A light wave that is emitted with a single quantum of energy E = hf is called a “photon”,What is a Photon?,REFLECTED,ABSORBED,TRANSMITTED (AND REFRACTED),EMITTED,SCATTERED,Electromagnetic Energy,Hyperspectral Reflectance Measurements,Hyperspectral Sensing Concept,
6、After Elachi, JPL,Hyperspectral Sensing Concept (Cont.),Courtesy of JPL,USGS,Multispectral Imaging,N-Dimensional Space - For Use in Pattern Analysis,Spectral Signatures - Physical Basis for Response,Data Space Representations,UV,BLUE,RED,NIR,SWIR,MWIR,LWIR,GREEN,What you see is not what you get!,Ref
7、lected and Emitted Energy,Human Eye,00101010101010101010100000011111110000000000101000010101000100101000 00101010101010101010010101010101010101001010101010010101010101010101 10101010101010101010101010101010100100101010100101010101010101010100 101010101010101010100101010101010110010110010101010101010
8、10100101001 01010101001010101010011110101010010000000010101010101001101010101010 00101010101011010101010010101010101010101010101010101010101010101011 01010100100101010100101010101010101010101010101010101010101001010101 01010110010110010101010101010101001010010101010100101010101001111010 101001000000
9、00101010101010011010101010100101010101010101001100101011 01010101010010101010101010010101010101010100101010101010101010101010 10101001010101010101010101010010101010101010101010101010101010101010 01010010101010101011110000111101010001010010000100010101000100101000 001110110010100010011111111100000101
10、01010101010101010000001111111001 00000000101000010101000100101000001010101010101010100101010101010101 01001010101010010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010101010010 00101010100101010101010101010101010101010101010101001010101010101100 101100101010101010101010010100101010101001010101010011110101
11、01001000 00000010101010101001101010101010010101010101010100110010101010101010 10010101010101010010101010101010100101010101010101010101010101010011 01010101010101010101001010101010101010101100011011001010101100110010 01101010111001000110101001111000101000101010010011000010010111101001,Hyperspectral I
12、magery Data Before Processing,So What Does Hyperspectral Imagery Data Look Like?,Black Body Radiation of the earth (300K),Solar Radiance Back-Scattered from Earths Surface,VIS,3u,10u,1u,1 mm,500,a,0.3u,VIS,Laser Sensors,SWIR,Radiometers & Imaging Systems,Photography,Passive microwave Radiometers,Rad
13、ars,b,Human Eye,MIR,FIR,MW,(mm),um,500,50,100,5,1,10,Blocked,500,20,300,5,3,10,2,1.0,0.5,1.5,0.3,0.4u,0.7u,Energy,Transmission %,0,100,NIR,Wavelength,Remote Sensing Electromagnetic Spectrum,Electromagnetic waves between the “spectral windows” highlighted above are severely attenuated (either absorbe
14、d, scattered, or both) by the Earths atmosphere.,Spectral Windows,Visible Near Infrared (VNIR) 0.4 1.5 microns,3. 高光谱成像光谱仪器概览,Image Acquisition Modes Whiskbroom Imagers Pushbroom Imagers Staring Imagers Spectral Selection Modes Dispersion Element (grating, prism) Filter-Based Systems Interference Fi
15、lters Acoustical-Optical Filters Liquid Crystal Tunable Filters (LCTF) Interferometer-Based Systems Michelson Interferometer Fourier Transform Interferometer System Other (e.g., Multi-order etalons),Classification of Sensors,Image Acquisition Modes, 1983 AIS, 10m pixels, 128 bands (0.8-2.4um) - reti
16、red1986 GER 63, 10m pixels, 63 bands (0.43-2.5um) 1987 AVIRIS, 20m pixels, 224 bands (0.40-2.45um)1989 CASI, 10m pixels, 288 bands (0.4-0.9um)1993 AISA, 286 bands (0.43-0.9 um)1994 TRWIS III, 242 bands (0.45-2.5 m)1995 HYDICE, 210 bands (0.4-2.5 um)1996 HyperCam, 256 bands (0.45-1.05 m)1997 PROBE-1, 128 bands (0.43-2.5um)1998 HyMap, 126 bands (0.4-2.5 um)1999 AURORA, 512 bands (0.4-0.9 um),
